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Zero Degrees of Empathy: A new theory of human cruelty Hardcover – 7 Apr 2011

4.1 out of 5 stars 68 customer reviews

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Product details

  • Hardcover: 208 pages
  • Publisher: Allen Lane (7 April 2011)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0713997915
  • ISBN-13: 978-0713997910
  • Product Dimensions: 21.8 x 13.7 x 2.3 cm
  • Average Customer Review: 4.1 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (68 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 185,031 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Product Description

Review

Bringing cruelty triumphantly into the realm of science, this pioneering journey into human nature at last delivers us from 'evil'. (Dr. Helena Cronin, Co-Director, Centre For Philosophy Of Natural And Social Science, Lse )

A compelling and provocative account of empathy as our most precious social resource. Lack of empathy lurks in the darkest corners of human history and Simon Baron Cohen does not shrink from looking at them under the fierce light of science. (Uta Frith, Emeritus Professor Of Cognitive Development, Ucl )

Simon Baron-Cohen combines his creative talent with evidence and reason to make the case that evil is essentially a failure of empathy. It is an understanding that can enlighten an old debate and hold out the promise of new remedies. (Matt Ridley, Author Of The Illusionist )

A book that gets to the heart of man's inhumanity to man... Baron-Cohen has made a major contribution to our understanding of autism (Dorothy Rowe Guardian )

Fascinating... bold (Ian Critchley Sunday Times )

Ground-breaking and important...This humane and immensely sympathetic book calls us to the task of reinterpreting aberrant human behaviour so that we might find ways of changing it for the better...The effect...is not to diminish the concept of human evil, but to demystify it (Richard Holloway Literary Review )

Fascinating and disturbing (Alasdair Palmer Sunday Telegraph )

Isn't it lucky...that the very people who can't put themselves into other people's shoes, have a champion [in Simon Baron-Cohen] who, by dint of his curiosity, has turned it into an art form? (Lee Randall Scotsman )

Attractively humane...fascinating information about the relation between degrees of empathy and the state of our brains. (Terry Eagleton Financial Times )

Easy to read and packed with anecdotes. The author conveys brain research with verve. (Kathleen Taylor Science Focus )

Zero Degrees of Empathy is short, clear, and highly readable. Baron-Cohen guides you through his complex material as of you were a student attending a course of lectures. There's no excuse for not understanding anything he says... he is an outstandingly effective communicator of serious science. His passionate optimism, his belief that scientific study can deepen our humanity, lies at the heart of his theorising (Charlotte Moore The Spectator )

In a book that is partly a popular science treatise and partly a self-help manual... he interweaves life stories and clinical evidence in an engaging and informative manner... He is grappling with one of the most important questions for our times (Joanna Bourke Times Higher Education )

In his 2007 book Musicophilia, psychiatrist Oliver Sacks warned that although neuroscience offers exciting insights, 'there is always a certain danger that the simple art of observation may be lost, that clinical description may become perfunctory, and the richness of the human context ignored'. Simon Baron-Cohen, director of the Autism Research Centre in Cambridge, UK, rises to the challenge in his latest book by combining basic science and clinical observation in an attempt to explain human cruelty... We should take Baron-Cohen's accessible book as an invitation to leave the comforts of smaller, more tractable problems in a genuine attempt to address larger social issues (Stephanie Preston Nature )

About the Author

Simon Baron-Cohen is Professor at Cambridge University in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. He is also the Director of Cambridge's internationally-renowned Autism Research Centre. He has carried out research into social neuroscience over a career spanning twenty years. The Essential Difference (Penguin 2003) has been translated in over a dozen languages and put forward the theory of 'the extreme male brain'.


Customer Reviews

Top Customer Reviews

Format: Hardcover Verified Purchase
This short book - less than 130 pages of text (not counting footnotes) - proposes that evil is really the absence of empathy (well, not quite, there is also a "positive" version of the absence of empathy), and argues the case through philosophy (empathy it's possible to study empirically, evil it's not), brain science (there's a complex network of 10 areas involved in empathy and its absence), psychiatry and developmental pscyhology (some "negative" forms of zero empathy, eg borderline personality, relate to shortcomings in nurture) and the perspective of evolution (we have a bell-curve distribution of emphathy and of the capacity to systematise, so maybe being in the middle of the curves is best for survival?)

Baron-Cohen draws extensively on the work of others as well as his own research into the autistic spectrum and empathy, but brings it all together into a new paradigm. I imagine most readers of the book will be thoroughly engrossed by this enterprise whether or not they find it persuasive.

While it's good that the book is short and covers so many fiels of enquiry, it inevitably leaves many quesitons unasked and unanswered. Looking at these from a few perspectives: (a) philosophical - Baron-Cohen gives a really interesting perspective on the thesis that morality has to do with rationality (the systematising trait) and that it has to do with the emotions (the empathising trait): are we dealing with one thing here or two? And is the absence of morality ("evil, or zero empathy") the absence of one thing or two?; (b) psychiatry/developmental psychology - it's interesting that brain science shows that empathy circuits are not working right in borderline personality, psychopathy and narcissism. What about eg schizophrenia?
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Format: Hardcover Verified Purchase
A challenging and original book, it is sometimes difficult to avoid criticising the logic, but there is no doubting the potency of the question. Understanding how people can be capable of suspending their feelings for others in order to commit acts of horror on them is the coalescing idea, and Baron-Cohen does much to identify the workaday nature of psychopathy that occasionally flares up into full scale violence. He counterposes this with the notion that the 'internal pot of gold' deposited by stable and responsible parenting as the best defence against the dark side of human nature. If I have a dissatisfaction with the argument, it is the tendency to look for pathology ahead of temporality. It seems clear from his examples that people in certain circumstances suspend their empathy in order to carry out an atrocity to which their conscience otherwise would object (see Their Darkest Hour: People Tested to the Extreme in WWII for some more horrific examplars). That, and in some of the situations he cites(the unspeakableness of the child soldier attack, for instance), it might well be the fullest volume of empathy that fires the imagination to such ghastliness, rather than the detachment of fellow feeling that Baron-Cohen appears to blame. They knew what would hurt, and hurt the worst.

Regardless, an excellent book on neuropsychology for the non-scientist, and a handy guide at the back for identifying those workplace psychopaths that haunt one's daily life.
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Format: Hardcover Verified Purchase
Whatever Jesus may or may not have said about the importance of loving one another, Christians have nevertheless often resorted to violence down the ages. Martin Luther, for example, although a follower of a man who was born a Jew, lived as a Jew, and died a Jew, wrote a pamphlet entitled "Against the Jews" in which he called on his fellow Christians to burn synagogues and destroy Jewish homes. Four hundred years later, the young Adolf Hitler quoted Luther "to give his own Nazi racist views some respectability". The two Nazi scientists, pictured performing a cold water immersion experiment on an inmate of Dachau Concentration Camp, share at least one character trait with Luther: an absence of empathy. All three were educated and intelligent individuals who were nonetheless capable of disregarding the thoughts and feelings of other human beings, of treating them as objects, with tragic consequences. How could they do this?

This one image, the first illustration in this engaging and important book, stands for the millions of instances of human cruelty that occurred in that war alone, to say nothing of what can be found in any newspaper on any day of the week. Simon Baron-Cohen's main goal is to understand human cruelty and to replace the unscientific term "evil" with the scientific term "empathy". He wants to move "the debate out of the realm of religion and into the realm of science", not because he is anti-religion (indeed, he regards Archbishop Desmond Tutu as a candidate for someone with super-empathy) but because "religion has been singularly anti-enquiry on the topic of the causes of evil".
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Format: Hardcover
Just a few words to recommend this text to a wide public of readers, from the amateur readers of neuropsychology and laymen to the professionals.
As a forensic psychiatrist I found the book (and its immense bibliography) full of suggestions of practical use. A clarifying tool in the hands of different qualified professional even outside the medical field. Worth reading and using.
Ermanno Arreghini
Trento-Italy
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