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The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century Hardcover – 5 April 2005
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- Print length488 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherFarrar Straus & Giroux
- Publication date5 April 2005
- Dimensions15.85 x 3.96 x 23.5 cm
- ISBN-109780374292881
- ISBN-13978-0374292881
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About the Author
Product details
- ASIN : 0374292884
- Publisher : Farrar Straus & Giroux; First Edition (5 April 2005)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 488 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9780374292881
- ISBN-13 : 978-0374292881
- Dimensions : 15.85 x 3.96 x 23.5 cm
- Best Sellers Rank: 1,036,940 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- 764 in Professional Financial Forecasting
- 1,625 in International Economics
- 5,306 in Higher Education on Geography
- Customer reviews:
About the author

Thomas L. Friedman has been awarded the Pulitzer Prize three times for his work with The New York Times, where he serves as the foreign affairs columnist. Read by everyone from small-business owners to President Obama, Hot, Flat, and Crowded was an international bestseller in hardcover. Friedman is also the author of From Beirut to Jerusalem (1989), The Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999), Longitudes and Attitudes (2002), and The World is Flat (2005). He lives in Bethesda, Maryland.
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Is the world really flat (or flattening)? Is it flattening competitively, as Friedman suggests? Early on in the book, Friedman alluded to the dark side of such "flattening". He wrote: "But contemplating the flat world also filled me with dread . . ." My own first thoughts were: "Perhaps he thinks of the avarice of the West, or the deceitfulness and destruction of empire?" Yet he was thinking exclusively of "Al-Qaeda and other terrorist networks". This seemed bound to be a one-dimensional book. Did his attitude change as he developed his theme? Essentially, no. Some four hundred pages later, his main concern was "a fundamental interest in keeping the American dream alive".
Friedman considers that there have been "ten forces that flattened the world". #1. The "balance of power across the world" has tipped towards democracy. #2. "The computer and its connectivity [has become] inherently more useful for millions of people". #3. Connectivity has enabled "work flow" to be distributed worldwide. These flatteners, in turn, have empowered "new forms of collaboration", which represent Flatteners #4 to #9. Finally, Flattener #10 serves to amplify "all the other flatteners": the fast advancing digital revolution.
Friedman "always believed in free trade". Should he now? In Bangalore, he looked across "these Indian Zippies", and considered: "Oh, my God, there are so many of them." His first thought: he would not want "any American" to suffer. However, "the way to succeed is not by stopping the railroad line from connecting you, but by upgrading your skills and making the investment[s]". So the advantage comes down to skills and investments. I wondered whether Friedman missed a page in Economics 101, titled "Terms of Trade". He might have spotted the New International Economic Order (NIEO), and how industrialised countries, led by the U.S., opposed much of the agenda, tipping the world scales in their favour.
This book would seem to represent a sobering example of the propaganda of empire -- not to speak of how the deception of empire swallows those who indwell it. Not only is this a book by a celebrated journalist. He won the approval of the Pulitzer Prize committee three times -- which would represent, presumably, the opinions of a large swathe of the U.S.A. I had suspected that such thinking might exist in the U.S.A. This book provides disturbing insight.
Everybody will be aware, by daily experience that the internet offers very diverse possibilities (as a source of information, as a facilitator of social networks, enabling to do transactions with far-off places...) which did not exist before. The last two decades enormous opportunities were offered globally to individuals. I was curious to know if the reading of this book in the year 2013 was still worthwhile.
It is. Not the least because I was not familiar with all the `forces' that Friedman points out having contributed to the flattening of the world (e.g. the `uploading' , i.e. Friedman-speak for the empowerment of individuals by the readily availability of advanced knowledge and technology, `insourcing', i.e. that companies incorporate the knowledge of specialized providers...).
However, Friedman does not limit himself to the description of the forces which contributed to the flattening of the planet, but he also offers remedies for the challenges and upheavals that this phenomenon creates. As such, this book, clearly having an American readership in mind, wants to show how America can tackle the challenges of increased global competition and how it can turn these into an advantage.
This book has its obvious flaws. I did have a problem with the subtitle `A brief history of the twenty-first century' as this clearly tends to enormous hyperbole and hubris. This book is not brief (more than 500 pages) and it is certainly not a comprehensive history of the century that at the moment of publication was only 5 years old.
Apparently, when one wants to write a popular book, one has to resort to simple language and use striking titles and use a catchy terminology, a recipe used with quite some success by the likes of Malcolm Gladwell (e.g. `algoholics' a term for the algorithm buffs, the `great leverage', the' great adapter' ...). Friedman uses the term `flatten' at nauseam, as if he wants to brainwash his readers. He drums home his message: the world is flat. The author tries to get his readers involved by directly addressing them and by his frequent references to his personal experiences. This reinforces the message that he wants to instill: that in our daily live the examples abound which point to the drastic changes in the world. Fact is that the book could be much shorter and this without having an impact on the message that Friedman wants to get across.
But about the contents. It is obvious that the phenomenon of globalization is still widely discussed. Outsourcing and offshoring are still as controversial as they were a few years ago. Somehow unsettling is that 8 years later, if Friedman would write the book now, he would most likely enumerate exactly the same remedies, in other words, the book might have been a huge success and might still be widely quoted, but it must be quite disheartening for the author to observe that his advice fell on deaf ears.
One can of course criticize this book on basis of its sometimes dogmatic defense of free trade, which at times seems to be extremely naïve: why would it be that countries like China and India would allow the US to dominate the markets for high-value-added products and would focus exclusively on the production of goods lower on the value chain? This is a leap of faith to which I do not subscribe.
Some arguments have become much less convincing by the examples cited: Ireland is no longer the `poster child of good reform' that it was in 2005 when Germany was considered to lack the drive to do the necessary reforms... The world looks quite different now: and China does have problems of its own and is no longer the success-story of erstwhile.
This book made me very conscious of the consequences of the increased global competition as a result of some political events (Friedman attaches a high symbolic value to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989) and some technological breakthroughs. The author goes into details about the opportunities offered and the challenges and treats created, illustrating this with often very telling anecdotes and examples. However he could have done it more succinctly.

