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Who's in Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brain Paperback – 19 April 2012
There is a newer edition of this item:
- ISBN-101780337752
- ISBN-13978-1780337753
- PublisherRobinson
- Publication date19 April 2012
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions13.5 x 1.7 x 21.6 cm
- Print length190 pages
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... a wide-ranging and enjoyable exploration of how science interrogates the mind. (The Economist)
Big questions are Gazzaniga's stock in trade. (New York Times)
Gazzaniga is a towering figure in contemporary neurobiology. . . . Who's in Charge? is a joy to read. (Wall Street Journal)
Written by one of the broadest thinkers in psychology, Who's in Charge? is an intellectual feast. (Jonathan Haidt, author of The Happiness Hypothesis and The Righteous Mind)
This exciting, stimulating, and sometimes even funny book challenges us to think in new ways about that most mysterious part of us-the part that makes us think we're us. (Alan Alda)
Gazzaniga stands as a giant among neuroscientists, for both the quality of his research and his ability to communicate it to a general public with infectious enthusiasm. (Robert Bazell, Chief Science Correspondent, NBC News)
From one of the world's leading thinkers comes a thought-provoking book on how we think and how we act. . . . An exciting, stimulating, and at times even funny read that helps us further understand ourselves, our actions, and our world. (CNBC.com, Best Books for the Holidays)
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- Publisher : Robinson (19 April 2012)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 190 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1780337752
- ISBN-13 : 978-1780337753
- Dimensions : 13.5 x 1.7 x 21.6 cm
- Best Sellers Rank: 1,618,799 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- 3,138 in Neuropsychology (Books)
- 8,692 in Scientist Biographies
- 9,932 in Pathological Psychology
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About the author

Michael S. Gazzaniga is internationally recognized in the field of neuroscience and a pioneer in cognitive research. He is the director of the SAGE Center for the Study of the Mind at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is the author of many popular science books, including Who’s in Charge? (Ecco, 2011). He has six children and lives in California with his wife.
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He is on shakier ground when confronted with the age-old question of free will. We actually do not need such accurate information about where and when a specific trait or response happens to be to understand the simple fact that a brain is a physical entity and is, as such, subjected to the laws of physics. The finger that pulls the trigger of a gun and kills someone is activated by a neuronal network. Follow back the path from the neurons that directly contract the muscles all the way to the frontal cortex and you will never find a "free will" neuron that makes the decision. It really does not matter that at its most fundamental level (quantum mechanics), Nature is not deterministic, but random. This randomness is also at work inside the transistor in the device you are probably using to read this, and that does not make your device a free agent.
The author's quest to discredit reductionism is simplistic. He keeps on saying that you don't look at a car's mechanical parts to understand traffic patterns. That completely misses the point. That's called 'methodological reductionism' and is not embraced today by anyone. Modern reductionism does not attempt to do that. Rather, it concedes that epiphenomena can and should be studied and understood at its proper level. But that does not mean that emergent properties have causal links which are independent of the fundamental phenomena that explain them.
The author's foray into Physics to explain the concept of emergence is misguided. A macroscopic object, like a ball rolling down an inclined plane, is not an example of emergence from quantum mechanics. In fact, quantum mechanics cannot explain why the ball should roll down. This is hardly an example of an epiphenomenon, but simply reflects the well-known fact that quantum mechanics does not explain gravity (you need General Relativity for that).
If the author's point was to contribute something new to the question of free will, he has not succeeded.
But the journey itself is packed with so many interesting facts and descriptions about the science of the brain that I would still recommend it.
But in short, the idea that the actions of the unconscious brain are constrained by the conscious mind, while interesting, is not satisfactorily related to its effects on the concept of Free will.
In my opinion, the link is almost absent. Or the content of the book is moot in respect of Free will - interestingly the author claims the concepts in this book make free will moot. It surely doesn't manage this!
But I like the authors work. 'The Mind's Past' is astoundingly good!
Perhaps his philosophy isn't as well written as his neuroscience.
Gazzaniga first introduces us to some of the nuts and bolts of the physical brain. How things are wired and what that might mean. From thereon the book moves on to consciousness, and how consciousness might emerge from the physical brain. Eventually, free will and determinism are discussed.
Obviously, a lot of the issues in this book are only superficially touched upon. And, obviously, it would have been nice with a more thorough discussion about these super interesting issues. But, in a relatively popular book, it is probably not possible to given more details and be more thorough.
The books part of emergence is especially interesting. I.e. how mental states might emerge from the physical parts of the brain, neurons and more. And how these emerging mental states might introduce downward causation that will control and constrain the physical layers.
In the book, the details of this is not clear though. I began thinking about software and hardware, and language - but the book doesn't mention that at all.
Certainly, it would have been nice if that was explored much more in the book.
The section about social control and constraints seems more convincing and intuitively clear. Perhaps, because the mechanisms involved are simpler?
Still, the book is a nice read. And it does give some nice insights on what brains, consciousness and free will might be all about.
-Simon


