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The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less, Revised Edition Paperback – Illustrated, 16 Jun. 2016
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In the spirit of Alvin Toffler’s Future Shock, a social critique of our obsession with choice, and how it contributes to anxiety, dissatisfaction and regret. This paperback includes a new preface from the author.
Whether we're buying a pair of jeans, ordering a cup of coffee, selecting a long-distance carrier, applying to college, choosing a doctor, or setting up a 401(k), everyday decisions—both big and small—have become increasingly complex due to the overwhelming abundance of choice with which we are presented.
As Americans, we assume that more choice means better options and greater satisfaction. But beware of excessive choice: choice overload can make you question the decisions you make before you even make them, it can set you up for unrealistically high expectations, and it can make you blame yourself for any and all failures. In the long run, this can lead to decision-making paralysis, anxiety, and perpetual stress. And, in a culture that tells us that there is no excuse for falling short of perfection when your options are limitless, too much choice can lead to clinical depression.
In The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz explains at what point choice—the hallmark of individual freedom and self-determination that we so cherish—becomes detrimental to our psychological and emotional well-being. In accessible, engaging, and anecdotal prose, Schwartz shows how the dramatic explosion in choice—from the mundane to the profound challenges of balancing career, family, and individual needs—has paradoxically become a problem instead of a solution. Schwartz also shows how our obsession with choice encourages us to seek that which makes us feel worse.
By synthesizing current research in the social sciences, Schwartz makes the counter intuitive case that eliminating choices can greatly reduce the stress, anxiety, and busyness of our lives. He offers eleven practical steps on how to limit choices to a manageable number, have the discipline to focus on those that are important and ignore the rest, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices you have to make.
- ISBN-100062449923
- ISBN-13978-0062449924
- EditionRevised ed.
- PublisherEcco
- Publication date16 Jun. 2016
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions13.49 x 1.73 x 20.32 cm
- Print length304 pages
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Review
“Brilliant.... The case Schwartz makes... is compelling, the implications disturbing.... An insightful book.” — Christian Science Monitor
“An insightful study that winningly argues its subtitle.” — Philadelphia Inquirer
“Schwartz lays out a convincing argument.... [He] is a crisp, engaging writer with an excellent sense of pace.” — Austin American-Statesman
“Schwartz offers helpful suggestions of how we can manage our world of overwhelming choices.” — St. Petersburg Times
“Wonderfully readable.” — Washington Post
“Schwartz has plenty of insightful things to say about the perils of everyday life.” — Booklist
“With its clever analysis, buttressed by sage New Yorker cartoons, The Paradox of Choice is persuasive.” — BusinessWeek
From the Back Cover
“Absorbing, witty, and persuasive.”—BusinessWeek Top 10 Business Books of 2004
“Brilliant. . . . The case Schwartz makes for a correlation between our emotional state and what he calls the ‘tyranny of choice’ is compelling, the implications disturbing. . . . An insightful book.”—Christian Science Monitor
“A revolutionary and beautifully reasoned book about the promiscuous amount of choice that renders the consumer helpless. A must-read.”—Martin Seligman, author of Authentic Happiness
Whether we’re buying a pair of jeans, ordering coffee, selecting a wireless carrier, applying to college, choosing a doctor, or setting up a 401(k), everyday decisions—both big and small—have become increasingly complex due to the over-whelming abundance of choice. For Americans, choice is the hallmark of individual freedom and self-determination. But having too much choice can actually be detrimental: choice overload can make you question your decisions before you make them, set up unrealistically high expectations, and lead to self-blame for any failure. The result is decision-making paralysis, anxiety, and perpetual stress, and even clinical depression.
In The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz shows how the dramatic explosion in choice—from the mundane to the profound challenges of balancing career, family, and individual needs—has led us to seek that which makes us feel worse. Synthesizing current research, Schwartz makes the counterintuitive case that reducing choices can greatly reduce stress, anxiety, and the frenzy of daily life, and offers eleven practical steps to help you limit choices to a manageable number, focus on the important ones, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices you have to make.
About the Author
Barry Schwartz is the Dorwin Cartwright Professor of Social Theory and Social Action at Swarthmore College. He is the author of several books, including Practical Wisdom: The Right Way to Do the Right Thing, with Kenneth Sharpe, and Why We Work. His articles have appeared in many of the leading journals in his field, including American Psychologist.
Product details
- Publisher : Ecco; Revised ed. edition (16 Jun. 2016)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 304 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0062449923
- ISBN-13 : 978-0062449924
- Dimensions : 13.49 x 1.73 x 20.32 cm
- Best Sellers Rank: 51,415 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- 301 in Anthropology & Sociology Biographies
- 562 in Cultural Studies
- 801 in Psychological Schools of Thought
- Customer reviews:
About the author

Barry Schwartz is the Dorwin Cartwright Professor of Social Theory and Social Action in the psychology department at Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, where he has taught for thirty years. He is the author of several leading textbooks on the psychology of learning and memory, as well as a penetrating look at contemporary life, The Battle for Human Nature: Science, Morality, and Modern Life. Dr. Schwartz is married and has two children.
Photo by Bill Holsinger-Robinson (Flickr: IMG_2638) [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons.
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Customers find the book engaging and thought-provoking. They describe it as an interesting, enlightening read that feeds their minds and strengthens their souls.
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Customers find the book an engaging read that provokes thought. They describe it as well-researched, well-written, and well received.
"Great book to make you think more, of choices you've made and why—and sometimes, why you didn't...." Read more
"...Booh is worth a read.. its only 236 pages, but a little long winded.. so I had to push myself to finish it.. but you know what, Im really glad I..." Read more
"...I think Schwartz provides a compelling and relatable case against excessive choice, which certainly made me stop to ponder just how much of our time..." Read more
"There are some very interesting ideas, worth a reading." Read more
Customers find the book enlightening and relevant for modern times. They appreciate its interesting ideas, perspective, and workable strategies. Readers find it refreshing, useful, and well-researched.
"...Author gives very good explicit examples of his ideas from numerous investigations conducted by various researchers." Read more
"I'm definitely a maximizer; reading this book was very refreshing for me!..." Read more
"There are some very interesting ideas, worth a reading." Read more
"...Puts the abundance in perspective and gives you workable strategies." Read more
Customers find the book engaging. It provides a relatable case against excessive choice and helps them evaluate options. They also mention it's a fascinating look at purchasing habits.
"...I think Schwartz provides a compelling and relatable case against excessive choice, which certainly made me stop to ponder just how much of our time..." Read more
"...that really makes you think on your own life and the choices you make both bad and good. I couldn't put this down" Read more
"Changed the way I approach situations and evaluate options. Well researched, well written and well recieved." Read more
"Fascinating look at purchasing habits. Well written in an understandable, accesable style, and extremely useful from a small retail perspective" Read more
Top reviews from United Kingdom
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- Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 23 July 2013Great book to make you think more, of choices you've made and why—and sometimes, why you didn't. Opposing the opinions of 1star ratings, I didn't stay with impression that author would suggest dictatorship with no choice possible, rather he advocates the existence of limits in amount of choice one is obliged to make, since there are limits to everything else. It's a great book to think after reading it all and processing your own choices in past. One should not take a sentence of the book out of context and make conclusions without making the links. In the end author suggests fair amount of choices and knowing ones own limits to choose, gives one a freedom to live and enjoy the choices made. Nevertheless, even if it is good to reevaluate choice after it has been made to know if it was good or bad more to prevent bad choices in future, living without excessive amount "what if(s)" after choice is made is essential for being happy with what one have chosen. It would be like acknowledging the choice you've made and more forwards to do it better if it was bad before, or be happy with it if it was good and let new experiences to happen instead of reprocessing the previous. In the end there is always something better, something newer as the time goes on (new and/or better models of products), what is important, is to live the moment (at the moment choice was made it was the best choice for you, so you should enjoy it, and if it was a bad choice, move forwards, don't stick to process of decision, when the choice have been already done), don't stick to the past and look in future. Author gives very good explicit examples of his ideas from numerous investigations conducted by various researchers.
- Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 21 June 2013I'm definitely a maximizer; reading this book was very refreshing for me! I could relate to the experiences Barry explained, I thought my 'problems' were just specific to me, but actually it turns out there are a whole type of human in our modern times, who have the same experiences as me.. so nice to know I wasn't alone..!
It helped reading this because I'm more aware of why I find it hard to chose. Sometimes trivial tasks, like getting a new camera, takes me ages and ages (because I research all the choices available.. and there are too many)
Barry explains the problems maximizers are faced with and gives plausible explanations on why modern living conditions makes it more difficult for maximizers and also why our modern environment causes more people to become maximizers..
Interestingly, at the beginning of the book, there are a few tests you can do to gauge how much of a maximizers you are and also how happy you are. I ran these tests on myself and a group of friends, and I did find the results as the book predicted, the more of a maximizers you are, the more unsatisfied with life you are..
Look, I won't bore you with lodes of writing but.. in summary:
* Booh is worth a read.. its only 236 pages, but a little long winded.. so I had to push myself to finish it.. but you know what, Im really glad I read it.
- Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 19 August 2023Would recommend this book
- Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 25 November 2011I had such high hopes for this book. I was expecting it to focus largely on consumer culture, and to have some profound 'light bulb' moments that would really make me stop and think. Not that it didn't try, but unfortunately it never really hit the spot for me.
In actual fact, Schwartz focuses more on the psychological than the sociological, and widens his arguments to cover the choices we make in everything from education and careers to houses and cars to jeans and jam. The prevailing theme of the book is how the growth of choice in modern society, and the emphasis on the individual as the maker of choices, has taken us beyond freedom and into the realms of tyranny. Choice no longer liberates us; it spins us into its web and holds us there, stuck in our own uncertainty and fear. We no longer choose between three pairs of jeans in a store - we choose between ten different fits, three different leg lengths and four different colours. The same decision, however trivial it might be, now has higher stakes and many more alternatives to consider. This, Schwartz argues, plunges us into a constant whirlwind of regret, comparison, uncertainty, disappointment and even depression.
I think Schwartz provides a compelling and relatable case against excessive choice, which certainly made me stop to ponder just how much of our time we devote to comparing, researching and choosing between different options in even the most inconsequential areas of our lives. His eleven methods for reducing the negative effects of choice make sense, though for me as one of his 'satisficers' (people happy with 'good enough', as opposed to 'maximisers' who make their task more difficult by always looking for the best) I didn't feel I really had too much to learn from them.
My main problem with the book was that it was just too long. There was a lot of repetition - of ideas, anecdotes and examples - and the middle of the book really started to drag. Cutting the whole thing down by about 50 pages and sharpening the pace would have improved the reading experience without damaging the argument. I also noticed from the notes at the back that some of Schwartz's examples had been directly lifted from other people's work, without it being evident in the main body of text (the notes aren't numbered), which I thought was a bit sneaky. To sum up, maximisers and perfectionists might learn something important from this book, but satisficers - I wouldn't bother. It'd be like preaching to the choir anyway, so use your superior powers of choice to take you on to the next book!
- Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2021There are some very interesting ideas, worth a reading.
Top reviews from other countries
Andrea WillmanReviewed in Canada on 15 March 20245.0 out of 5 stars Highly Recommend
By the end of my work day I am stumped by the simple question “What’s for Dinner?”. Now I know why. The book is insightful AND well written (so easy to read). And the chapters are broken into small manageable sections. So I can read a page or two each night. I know that doesn’t sound important, but it’s actually a big deal. I don’t need to ask myself if I can manage 20 pages ☺️ (one less decision).
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Marcela AvalosReviewed in Mexico on 7 January 20245.0 out of 5 stars Para ti, si te cuestionas tus desiciones.
Soy una persona que tiene dificultades tomando desiciones y siempre dudo de si lo que elegí estuvo bien. Este libro abre el panorama de que las elecciones del día a día van más allá de nosotros. Me encantó.
WalterReviewed in Brazil on 29 August 20235.0 out of 5 stars A Revelation on the Impact of Choice
"The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less" by Barry Schwartz is a captivating exploration of the relationship between choice and happiness. Schwartz's revelation that an excess of options often leads to dissatisfaction challenges the conventional belief that more choices equal more freedom. Through insightful research and relatable examples, the book highlights how an abundance of choices can overwhelm and hinder decision-making, reshaping how we perceive our options. Schwartz's accessible writing style makes complex ideas easy to grasp, inviting readers to reconsider their approach to decision fatigue and regret. In a world saturated with choices, this book offers a transformative perspective that encourages embracing limitations and focusing on what truly matters for a more fulfilling life.
Santosh RedijReviewed in India on 8 June 20245.0 out of 5 stars best book to understand why we are unhappy despite having everything
I had always wondered if I am not giving my best in choosing the best options for me in my life, be it tangible or intangible. This book made me realise that I am on the right path, as I think I am close to being a satisficer, the one who wants only good enough in his life and do not run for perfection. Thanks Barry.
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Thomas FloreaniReviewed in France on 24 February 20245.0 out of 5 stars Excellent livre
Excellent livre, permet de mieux comprendre la psychologie du choix.






