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Owning the Earth: The Transforming History of Land Ownership Paperback – 15 Jan. 2015
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Barely two centuries ago, most of the world's productive land still belonged either communally to traditional societies or to the higher powers of monarch or church. But that pattern, and the ways of life that went with it, were consigned to history as a result of the most creative - and, at the same time, destructive - cultural force in the modern era: the idea of individual, exclusive ownership of land.
This notion laid waste to traditional communal civilisations, displacing entire peoples from their homelands, and brought into being a unique concept of individual freedom and a distinct form of representative government and democratic institutions. Other great civilizations, in Russia, China, and the Islamic world, evolved very different structures of land ownership, and thus very different forms of government and social responsibility.
The seventeenth-century English surveyor William Petty was the first man to recognise the connection between private property and free-market capitalism; the American radical Wolf Ladejinsky redistributed land in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea after the Second World War to make possible the emergence of Asian tiger economies. Through the eyes of these remarkable individuals and many more, including Chinese emperors and German peasants, Andro Linklater here presents the evolution of land ownership to offer a radically new view of mankind's place on the planet.
- Print length512 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBloomsbury Paperbacks
- Publication date15 Jan. 2015
- Dimensions12.9 x 3.3 x 20.1 cm
- ISBN-101408855437
- ISBN-13978-1408855430
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Powerful polemic of wide scope and scholarship ― The Times
Andro's own writing was as varied and colourful as his much-travelled life ... A comprehensive account of global land ownership . A sprawling, sparkling, off-the-wall political history of the globe ― Scotsman
This impressive book fuses politics, economics, philosophy and anthropology as it explores the complex, often fraught relationship between humans and land ― Sunday Times
Masterly ... His intellectual range is as wide as his geographic or temporal range, spanning from Hobbes to Greenspan and including philosophers, politicians, religious figures and academics; an extensive notes section and bibliography allow readers to further pursue his source ideas. By focusing on land ownership, the emphasis in historical interpretation shifts from economics to politics, giving a much different perspective. This reinterpretation of global history will give readers of history, politics, and economics much to think about ― Publishers Weekly
Ambitious global history of land ownership ... Linklater succeeds in this gargantuan task ― Independent
If the gentle reader has any concerns that a study of land ownership might tend to the dry, they will be dispelled in the very first pages of this book by the spectacular flamboyance of its opening ... A book that is never less than fascinating in its range, argument and erudition . In an age of pigmy specialisation, there is something heroically larger-than-life about the book's global range and polymath accomplishment. And though Linklater did not live long enough to enjoy its plaudits, Owning the Earth is an appropriate monument to its author's distinguished mind and ardent humanity ― Spectator
Linklater is always an impartial and insightful referee ... The crucial insight of this book is that ownership depends not only on possession but on recognition ... Beguiling and provoking ― Ferdinand Mount, London Review of Books
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- Publisher : Bloomsbury Paperbacks; Reprint edition (15 Jan. 2015)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 512 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1408855437
- ISBN-13 : 978-1408855430
- Dimensions : 12.9 x 3.3 x 20.1 cm
- Best Sellers Rank: 119,362 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- 234 in History of Civilisation & Culture
- 3,933 in Social & Cultural History
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From the medieval through the industrial revolution to today and on into the future. A fresh and fascinating book.
I recommend it.
The main thesis that Linklater comes to is that a private property society with relatively equitable distribution of the property is more democratic and stable and provides a higher quality of life than a private property society where concentrated ownership and monopoly are allowed to run rampant. While generally favouring markets, he sees a role for government intervention in ensuring that property ownership is widely distributed. This is certainly a reasonable thesis, but it's hard to buy that he has considered all the options, given how little attention he really pays to other systems of ownership, or to mixed systems of ownership. The entire co-operative movement, with a billion members and 2.6 million co-operatives, holding about $20 trillion in assets, is never even mentioned. This is particularly odd given that Linklater began his investigations with the 2008 financial crisis, and that it is known that the co-operative sector was much more resilient to that crisis than conventionally owned businesses.
Considering his starting point of the financial crisis, I am also not sure that he has a sharp enough analysis of the financialisation of land and housing. Being able to raise money against land boosts capitalist growth, he argues, and is a boon particularly where land is well distributed. Then he later argues that the over-financialisation of property after the 1980s big bang left the system too open to abuse. Again this undoubtedly has some truth to it, but what is good and bad financialisation of property? We are none the wiser by the end of the book. And he doesn't look at key questions of why land and housing speculation became more attractive to capital than proper investment. He doesn't really examine the global economic changes that have led to this, why governments chose to enable it, or the power relations it signifies.
Finally, it's really rather odd that he finishes the book with a discussion of the importance of agricultural land to our future while never mentioning climate change. Land use and climate change are intimitately linked, and that could mean that in order to protect our planet we may need to develop new ways of determining land use in the coming decades. No mention of this from Linklater, even though he has a chapter called 'Feeding the future'. I'm sorry but that's a bizarre ommission. In fact, it's the sort of oversight that could get us all killed.
I have an interest in land ownership and I learned things from this book - the account of land distribution at the behest of the US in the East Asian tiger economies was new to me for instance - so there are certainly reasons to read it. There are also strong reasons to read much further.
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(For any little McCarthy's out there: "The State," of course, should be counted as one person, not all of them.)
As the author states in his Epilogue, many attempts at a world view of history see an industrial economy as the foundation of democracy. Not only is this logically flawed in its ignorance of pre-industrial democracy, but it places a dangerous emphasis on material prosperity and growth in a world of finite resources. The dangers of this view are no clearer than in America's history of nation building, which Linklater also addresses. The land-reform-based efforts of Wolf Ladejinsky in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea after World War II were resounding successes; pretty much everything since then, after the influences of the Red Scare and Walt Rostow's far more plutocratic approach emphasizing industrialization over all else, has been a disaster.
Land is the source of everything. Knowing the history of its use yields the clearest understanding of human history, and that is what Linklater provides here. I recommend this to anyone who cares about the well-being of, well, anything.



