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Novacene: The Coming Age of Hyperintelligence Kindle Edition
| James Lovelock (Author) See search results for this author |
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SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER
The creator of the Gaia hypothesis and the greatest environmental thinker of our time has produced an astounding new theory about the future of life on Earth. James Lovelock argues that the anthropocene - the age in which humans acquired planetary-scale technologies - is, after three centuries, coming to an end. A new age - the novacene - has already begun.
New beings will emerge from existing artificial intelligence systems. They will think 10,000 times faster than we do and will regard us as we now regard plants. The cruel, violent machine takeover imagined by sci-fi writers will not happen: these hyper-intelligent beings will be as dependent on the health of the planet as we are. They will need the planetary cooling system of Gaia to defend from the increasing heat of the sun. Gaia depends on organic life. We will be partners in this project. It is crucial, Lovelock argues, that the intelligence of Earth survives and prospers. We are at present the only beings capable of understanding the cosmos, but he speculates that the novacene could be the beginning of a process that will see intelligence suffusing the entire cosmos. At the age 100, Lovelock has produced the most compelling work of his life.
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPenguin
- Publication date4 July 2019
- File size3220 KB
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The greatest scientific thinker of our time.
--Sunday Times--The scientist who changed our view of the Earth.
--Independent--The most influential scientist and writer since Charles Darwin.
--Irish Times--The visionary who gave the world Gaia theory.
--Daily Telegraph--Novacene is the collected wisdom of an elder of our tribe which more than repays the short time it takes to read.
--Financial Times--Are robots going to kill us all? They might if they feel like it, says the scientist James Lovelock in his new book. Or they might not. Look, it's not very important. I have never read a jauntier book about artificial intelligence taking over the world.
--The Times-- --This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.About the Author
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- ASIN : B07RM3GPB6
- Publisher : Penguin (4 July 2019)
- Language : English
- File size : 3220 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
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- Print length : 143 pages
- Best Sellers Rank: 94,090 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- 20 in AI & Semantics
- 68 in Environmental Philosophy
- 111 in Botany & Plant Ecology
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3.7 billion years - beginnings of life;
Rolling around ‘n’ around - one of the hundred billion stars;
Evolving a planetary organism;
Atmosphere was too thin - on the nearby planet Mars!
Modifying environment in favour of life;
If wiped out - habitation cut like a knife;
Still taking out o’ the carbon sink;
‘Save ourselves by learning to think’!
The dynamic governor - keeping Maxwell awake;
No cause and effect - for goodness sake;
Beyond classical logic - the required impetus;
Transformed by Newton - the mathematics of Calculus!
Speech holds back speed of mind - unconscious;
In this finely tuned part of - this corner of the cosmos;
Planet Vulcan - mercurial peculiarity;
Cosmos explained - Information parity!
Self sufficient Cyborg - coming conscious cosmos;
Nation states and wars - raw material loss;
Newcomen’s engine - 300 years of fire;
Millions of years of solar stores;
Black stone pyre!
100 years - the coming cene;
Information where the sun has been;
Selected and chosen - off the shelf;
Cosmos able to explain itself!
Nuclear warheads - fit in the hand;
Developed to destroy - populations and land;
Surely one could use - global disarm;
y’own energy for life - size of ya palm!
Politicians pick - science for defence;
‘Demonstrating our limits of intelligence’;
Sanctioning to build nation states;
Ensuing wars - acceptance of fates;
Abusing science to military fund;
Energy wasted - to grow the moribund!
Grimly imprisoned on the urban plains;
Authority designation - high density aims;
Filling the gaps - where the programme instructs - and made to fit;
Flats and stacks - termite huts - sticking up the punishing profiteering s***;
Local authorities - reviews ensuing;
Stamped up in red - not for public viewing!!
Disgust and shame;
One on top of the other - more of the same;
Knowledge of Mars - inside great big fans;
Less is known about - our own bloody oceans!
300 year - history of Anthropocene;
Since Newcomen’s invention - powered by steam;
Population increase - tenfold;
Wordsworth’s waste and powers - planet SOLD!
Selecting those with the highest prodigeny;
Promises to lull - good cene theodicy;
Trees and meadows - rural life pine;
Care not to destroy - hospitals, schools and washing machines;
So fine!
Intentional selection - ten thousand times quicker;
Building CPU’s - beyond the artisan weaving wicker;
Computers design and make their own piece of kit;
Cosmos explained by the fundamental BIT!
AI LAWS - prior to taking down the fence;
Where computers have been designed to evolve;
With lower levels of intelligence;
The junk of code - it’s far too late;
Cyborgs start afresh;
Off a clean slate!
No need for speech - the classical mistake;
Intuition back - from the quantum lake;
Reasoning logic by parallel process;
Moving it on - from winning at chess!
All the unwanted - transmitted from the pole;
Directed up through the atmospheric hole;
Banal entertainment;
Fake news, adverts and junk mail sent;
All together in the Arctic pool;
Broadcast to space - to keep the planet cool!
Cohabitating collaboration - new life with the old;
Political support - Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems - funded and sold;
Designed to exploit - human parts so weak;
Chosen target to be attacked - facial recognition - for them to seek!
Sun growing hotter - carbon comeback - trees will shoot;
Batteries hanging from branches - just like fruit;
‘The Matrix’ life - in a virtual world - of course;
Just being kept as an energy source!
Multidimensional logic - unlike ours;
Coming intelligence - new born powers;
Final transformation - objective that fits;
The Novacene lifeforms;
They left the bloody cosmos in planck sized BITS!!
==============
Another thought provoking and enjoyable read from James Lovelock.
Parity of information sounds the most intriguing part to me…..
My interpretation and simplistic musing - using the elegance of Einstein’s fundamental great equation, E=mc^2
I am speculating the theoretical absolute minimum size of the Planck volume - 4.22 x 10^-105;
as the basis for the unity of the singularity - the information parity. That is, a theoretical maximum of 10^105 bits of information to fit within a theoretical 10^105 Planck sized three dimensional pockets - the product of which being 10^0 - i.e. ONE - the PARITY and the UNITY of the SINGULARITY!
In the context of the final singularity (universe) - respecting the second law (entropy) and energy conservation - I am again speculating, that the total energy (E) of the universe will be equal to the product of ‘UNITY(1)’ and a constant of information (k) - i.e. Energy proportional to unity in the final singularity of maximum entropy.
Using Einstein’s mass energy equation; E=mc^2 (mass,m; speed of light ,c) = 1*k
This would suggest an information constant, k=1/mc^2 [per kilogram per metre squared per second squared].
Normalising time - in the final singularity - where time squared equals to 1 and the units s^2 removed from the constant (tentatively); gives k=1/mass*distance squared [per metre squared per kilogram] - or perhaps the second differential with respect to time, should be taken to eliminate time - I’m not sure!
Anyway - multiply this by the current estimated mass of the observable universe (the cosmos); 1.5*10^53kg [wikipedia]; to give a resulting 1.5*10^53 Bits of information per square metre of the information storage area (cosmos).
In other words - the mass of the universe in kg being equivalent to the maximum number of Bits of information per square metre (in the final singularity) - IF I have interpreted correctly - which I very much doubt!
Alternatively - considering the total entropy of the universe (modelled as a black hole) in the final singularity - using the Hawking Beckenstein equation; S=KA/4l^2; where entropy, S, is the total energy of the universe divided by the final overall temperature (kg per square metre per second squared per degree Kelvin).
So, E=KAT/4l^2 (Boltzmans constant, K, Area, A, Temperature, T, Planck length, l)
Again - in the context of the final singularity - I am assuming that the total energy (E) of the universe will be equal to the product of ‘1’ and a constant of information (k) - i.e. Energy proportional to unity in the final singularity of maximum entropy.
This would suggest an information constant (normalising time), k=4l^2/KAT=2.72*10^-47(per kilogram, per metre squared).
Multiply this by the current estimated mass of the observable universe (the cosmos); 1.5*10^53kg [wikipedia]; to give a resulting 4,080,000 Bits of information per square metre of the information storage area.
Using the radius of the observable universe figure of 4.4*10^26m - to give a surface area of 2.43*10^54 square metres to give an observable number of 9.9*10^60 bits of information or approximately 10^61 Bits. This leaves a fair bit of the universe left to be observed - I would say!
However - if I (tentatively) normalise Boltzmann’s constant to ‘1’, and equate the time normalised mass energy equation to the normalised Hawking Beckenstein equation; mA=AT/4l^2 ; use a figure of 10^9 Kelvin, as the final singularity temperature of the universe - I come up with a mass of approximately 10^78kg for the universe.
Trouble is - if my earlier interpretation were correct - this would result in an information storage area of only 10^27m^2; which would give a radius of the universe ‘much’ smaller than the cosmos;
Proving - beyond doubt - how useless my mathematical musings are!
But - I would guess that if the radius of the universe were known (theoretically) - then the final collapsing contraction force could be calculated from Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation.
Anyway;
If there were 10^105 potential ON states of information in the universe - each one being ‘all or nothing’ - either contributing to the ‘all’ unity of energy or ‘maybe’ the ‘nothingness’ of ‘zero’ energy mass? - Maximum entropy of the universe achieved when 10^105 states are switched ‘ON’ - the trigger for time normalisation and state reversal of the crunching flop down to the ‘big bang’ - the final singularity of maximum entropy collapsing to the initial singularity of minimum entropy - maybe? - A ‘simple’, finite two dimensional discrete structure powering the higher level 4 (or more!) dimensional (including time) functional universe of complexity and consciousness.
(I guess this is something akin to the holographic principle?)
By definition; surely the biological cell could be considered ‘conscious’? - as ions (etc) exchange and respond to the surrounding environment. Likewise, the planetary organism ‘conscious’ - as photons (etc) exchange to the surrounding environment; and ‘ultimately’ the universe ‘conscious’, as information exchanges to the surrounding environment; serially or parallel processing with a surrounding multiverse maybe?
Could the unified system be balanced by 10^105 parallel universes maybe? - I don’t know!
Perhaps the ‘coming of a conscious cosmos’ is dependent on the acceptance or proof of a conscious universe!
However ‘massive’ the system - surely a ‘wholly’ conserved unity of energy in the ‘open’ multiversal system can only equate to a finite, yet perpetual balance of the physical energy presence that is - with the potential to be ‘artificially’ manipulated by AI - the next level of complexity in the cosmos?!
Perhaps the 15Gb size of the human cell - a 15Gb algorithm is being designed - to design itself into consciousness?!
NOW - obviously I have to disclaim my contemplative claims - as I’m absolutely certain this could all be quickly and intelligently picked apart by perpetually funded, focused and highly educated and advanced expertise - no doubt capable of the complex mathematics used to derive the simplicity of the great equations of physics in the first place!
However - on the ‘one in one hundred thousand googol’ off chance that my musing has contributed anything of cosmic significance - I nominate the local amazon local locker to collect the nobel prize on my behalf - I’ll pick it up later and I thank you!
==============
WELL - No Nobel prize turned up as yet; so I guess I may need to try a bit harder!
So…..back to E=mc^2; this time using the second differential, with respect to time - I find that the Energy of the Universe in the final singularity [fs] - on the ‘Horizon’ - is equal to 2 x mass x Area; or E[fs]=2mA (kilograms per square metre) - where I see time as being normalised; taken out of the equation!
Interestingly - does the 2m term relate to the ‘antiparticle’ of equivalent mass; exposed by the removal of time? - or in context of the final singularity; the ‘antiverse’ maybe? - This is my hope!
Again - considering the total entropy of the universe (modelled as a black hole) in the final singularity - using the Hawking Bekenstein equation; S=kA/4l^2; where entropy, S, is the total energy of the universe divided by the final overall temperature (kg per square metre per second squared per degree Kelvin); so at maximum entropy, in the final singularity, I take the second differential with respect to time and I get S[fs]=2kA/4l^2 or E[fs]=2kAT/4l^2 - as I see it; the maximum entropy where time has been normalised and again taken out of the equation!
Equating these two definitions E(fs); I get 2kAT/4l^2=2mA; simplifying for the mass of the universe, m(u)=kT/4l^2 (Boltzmann’s constant,k; Planck length, l).
Potential problem I see here (amongst many others will see - I’m bloody sure!) , is my equivalence and cancellation of the Area term (A). If the mass energy equation can only be used at the ‘particle’ level; then I guess this area may be the Planck area (i.e. E[fs]=2ml^2) which will only end up resulting in two unknowns of mass(m) and area(A).
But anyway - here I am 'so boldly' modelling the particle as the ‘universe’, and equating this to the model of the universe as a black hole. Here, I am assuming the ‘2m’ term to be the mass of the universe/ antiverse, as opposed to the mass of the particle/ antiparticle - maybe! - perhaps - wrongly!
Now - seeing that Boltzmann’s Constant appears to be derived as a scaling factor between temperature and energy; would seem sensible - to me - to set kT=1, in this context of the final singularity (the ‘Horizon’). Effectively saying, that the temperature of the universe in the final singularity - will be the inverse of Boltzmann’s constant; i.e. T[fs]=1.38x10^23K - the ‘crunch’ temperature; maybe?
This would give the mass of the universe to be, m[u]=3.83x10^69 kg.
Now ‘back into time’ with E=mc^2; would give the total conserved energy of the universe, E[tot]=3.45x10^86 Joules.
Back to the statics - and predicting the motion - Gravitational potential Energy, E[pot]=-Gm[1]m[2]/r; and
conservation of Energy then gives E[pot]=E[tot]=E[fs]=3.45x10^86 Joules and taking m[1]m[2]=mass of the universe, m[u]^2, in this context; to give the radius of the universe, r[univ]=-Gm[u]^2/E[fs],where G is the Gravitational Constant.
Resulting in radius, r[univ]= -2.84x10^42 m; the negative sign - the way I see it - being the direction measured inwards, away from the final singularity on the horizon.
The FORCE VECTOR of the LAW, F=-Gm[1]m[2]/r^2; the ‘FINAL CRUNCH’ F[fc]=-Gm[u]^2/r^2 ; F[fc]=1.21x10^44 N
Using my radius of the universe - the Area, A[fs]=4[pi]r^2 ; resulting in A[fs]=1.01x10^86 m^2
In terms of planck areas - 2.64x10^156 potential BITS or QUBITS of information - maybe?
Now I got all these - no doubt incorrect - results; I’m going for the big one! - when will the end of time be?
First time derivative of the mass energy equation; I get E=-2mA/t, or t=-2mA/E=-2.24x10^69s;
Or -7.1 x 10^61 years - the negative sign, I see as being the ‘countdown to extinction’ - the megadeath of the universe! - just a mere one hundred quintillion quintillion years or so away - until it all starts up again a Planck second or so later! - MORE OF THE BLOODY SAME EH!
First time derivative of the Hawking Bekenstein however; and I get -5.6 x 10^68 years - so maybe I’m a bit light on the old big bang temperature - by about ten million degrees or so - I don’t know!
So what’s the point in trying to get my head around information parity?
Well, say I take a figure of 10^28 fundamental particles per human and allocate a Planck area of space to each on the horizon - in a similar fashion to the punishment of THE CONCENTRATED BLOCKS OF BLOODY URBAN PLANNING AND THEIR COLLECTIVE MATES OF ATTRITION - THEN THAT’S BLOODY TEN TO THE BLOODY 43 HUMANS PER SQUARE METRE ON THE BLOODY HORIZON INIT - CONCENTRATING IT ALL INTO THIS BLOODY URBAN SINGULARITY!!!
Furthermore, once again applying E=mc^2 against the life of the universe:
undifferentiated and ‘squarely within time’ - again using dimensional analysis leads me to Time, t=(mA/E)^½=1.06x10^27 years; a billion billion billion year universe lifecycle; although I would guess that should there be any such ‘inflaton’ episodes to be taken into account, and assuming that these would occur at - or close to - the speed of light, then a billion billion billion year duration may not appear to be as long as all that - relativistically speaking anyway - when ‘specially’ observed from this niche of the universe anyway.
As the current age of the Universe is estimated to be around 13.8 billion years, and rearranging the above equation for Area, A=Et^2/m=1.7x10^52m^2 equates to a spherical radius of 3.6x10^25m; only approximately 12 times the estimated figure for the radius of the observable universe of 4.4x10^26 metres - when using my calculated figures for the universal constants of mass and energy.
Correct or not, this reassures me that - in my current ‘high functioning occupational fantasy’ of the theoretical physicist - that these figures for the mass energy constants may not be too far off, and perhaps - just perhaps - my simplistic mathematical musings may not be quite so damn useless after all!
If it is at all possible to consider or even imagine an initial point of singularity at Universal Time (t) of 1 planck second (10^-43s) - this equates to an horizon area (A) of close to 1 Planck length squared in area - almost exactly an initial singularity diameter of 1 Planck length; the seemingly ridiculous quantum universe seed of astronomical density?
Then, after say 1 second - expanded to a radius of 8.5 x 10^7; or 85 million metres; from the initial singularity surface of 1 planck area - equating to 9x10^16m^2 area - the massive ‘inflation’ of the universe during the first second after the initial singularity or the ‘big bang’. This massive inflation occurring during that first second would appear to be purely put down to the mathematics as a function of time, rather than any specific inflationary field - the single planck area multiplied by 3.45x10^86 (Fixed Energy value) during the first second. Beyond the first second though, the rate of expansion seriously slows down; After 2 seconds, an area of 1.8x10^17m^2; After 3 seconds, an area of 2.7x10^17m^2; After 4 seconds, an area of 3.6x10^17m^2; and so on. Couldn't this alone be explanation for the ever accelerating expansion of the universe - as the surface area expands as a function of time - squared (A=Et^2/m)?
Considering that the Universe - if in its final state - were to be a massive ball of gas; and as such using the Ideal Gas Equation, PV=NkT; where Pressure is Force by Area, so Force x Distance, Fd=Number of gas molecules, where kT again I have set to unity.
Using my previous Crunch Force and Radius calculations, Fd=(1.21x10^44)x(2.84x10^42)=3.44x10^86 Joules: close enough - for me - to my earlier calculation for the total constant energy of the universe. Implying to me that the Number of molecules floating about in the final ball of gas, is equivalent to the total energy - in the Final Singularity of the universe.
Turning to Gravity, and the ‘indisputable’ gravitational constant, G=6.673x10^-11 Newton Metre squared per kilogram squared (Nm^2kg^-2); where squarely inside the mass - lies the force spread over the area of the constant of Gravity:That is if I have interpreted the units correctly?
Using my results for the radius and the mass of the universe to reconcile Gravity: gives G=(F[fc] x r[univ]^2)/ m[u]^2 =( (1.21x10^44) x (2.84x10^42)^2) / (3.83x10^69)^2 = 6.653x10^-11; so probably close enough to the known value of G, allowing for any ‘likely’ rounding errors along the way. If the Gravitational constant can be considered in the context of the whole universe - why wouldn’t it be such a weak force at the local level?
Having said all that - I guess I must be wrong, as the current ‘cosmological crisis’ authorial and authoritative viewpoint (taken from my slow and limited readings) seems to be stacked against any notion that there can be any solutions to the universe to be explained using the Newtonian paradigm.
So…….
Looks like I ain’t gonna receive no prize;
For my deduction of the Universe size;
Three of ‘em together - explanation of time;
Einstein, Hawking ‘n’ Bekenstein;
Antiparticle Universe - may be paired;
Combined mass - I reckon is;
ONE OVER - FOUR TIMES THE PLANCK LENGTH SQUARED!
No doubt just another waste of time;
Leave it there with another rhyme;
Over simplistic - amateurish - undereducated post;
Time is fundamental - it cannot be lost!
Experts observe the bottom up complexity;
Einstein was sure - on human stupidity;
Not so sure - as he was on the speed of light;
'bout universal postulations of the Infinite!
To cap it all he guesses the idea of an all-powerful artificial intelligence that treats us like pets and communicates by telepathy.
I happen to largely agree with Lovelock that AI will become General Artificial Intelligence fairly soon and that it’s ability to then invent ever-better versions of AI is going to happen on Earth. Having said that, I don’t see how this Earth-bound phenomenon and serious problem extends to stars and galaxies millions or even billions of light years away.
In a review section on Amazon I think someone suggested that it was a complex book. However I would disagree. It's the most accessible book for anyone who picks it up. This, in my opinion, is what what makes it such a great book. It doesn't matter what your background the book is so well written and
Explains in enough detail the points it trying to make.
I would recommend and have recommended this book to all those I know.
Thank you James Lovelock and Bryan Appleyard
By Chaundy on 22 July 2021
In a review section on Amazon I think someone suggested that it was a complex book. However I would disagree. It's the most accessible book for anyone who picks it up. This, in my opinion, is what what makes it such a great book. It doesn't matter what your background the book is so well written and
Explains in enough detail the points it trying to make.
I would recommend and have recommended this book to all those I know.
Thank you James Lovelock and Bryan Appleyard
One might well have speculated that nuclear accidents are likewise impossible because the guiding hand of mother Gaia precludes it. So much the worse for victims of Chernobyl or Fukushima.
This cavalier bromide about the inherent safety of AGI technology is only the crescendo following a mounting overture of utterly nonsensical drivel, including dewy-eyed praise for female intuition, contrasted against the supposedly limited and linear operation of classical logic. We should assume, I suppose, that females working in the field of logic either have an attrified sense of intuition or have otherwise been tricked.
I really hate to be horrid to an apparently well-respected scientist so adorned with accolades as we're told in the preface Lovelock in fact is. Maybe this would even be an enjoyable book to someone without the same horror at the possible consequences of badly developed AGI technologies as I do. Discovering the potential role of flowers in cooling the Earth was interesting, for which I'll give two stars.
I STRONGLY urge anyone who cares about the topic of AGI safety research or is curious about the reasons for which we cannot simply trust mother Gaia and the unformalized intuitions of beatified women to navigate the risks of superintelligence, to spend your money on Nick Bostrom's "Superintelligence" instead. It's stuffed to the brim with the kind of careful, perspicuous and unabashedly classical logic Lovelock disparages.






