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The Death of Christian Britain: Understanding Secularisation 1800-2000 Paperback – 11 Feb. 2009
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The Death of Christian Britain examines how the nation’s dominant religious culture has been destroyed. Callum Brown challenges the generally held view that secularization was a long and gradual process dating from the industrial revolution. Instead, he argues that it has been a catastrophic and abrupt cultural revolution starting in the 1960s. Using the latest techniques of gender analysis, and by listening to people's voices rather than purely counting heads, the book offers new formulations of religion and secularization.
In this expanded second edition, Brown responds to commentary on his ideas, reviews the latest research, and provides new evidence to back his claims.
- ISBN-100415471346
- ISBN-13978-0415471343
- Edition2nd
- Publication date11 Feb. 2009
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions15.6 x 1.85 x 23.39 cm
- Print length320 pages
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About the Author
Callum Brown is Professor of Religious and Cultural History at the University of Dundee. His publications include Religion and Society in Twentieth-Century Britain (2006) and Postmodernism for Historians (2005).
Product details
- Publisher : Routledge; 2nd edition (11 Feb. 2009)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 320 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0415471346
- ISBN-13 : 978-0415471343
- Dimensions : 15.6 x 1.85 x 23.39 cm
- Best Sellers Rank: 670,251 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- 1,960 in Christian Church History
- 7,883 in Religious History of Christianity
- 9,287 in Religious Studies (Books)
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Im on the first 30-40 pages and it seems to be slightly dragging and boring at times although it is a well researched work. Worth a read for people interested in secularization theory and its application to Britian
Brown questions the validity of the theory of secularisation as an explanation of religious decline. The argument had been that secularisation 'was the handmaiden of modernisation, pluralisation, urbanisation and Enlightenment rationality'. Brown claims this argument was false because it relied on a social science definition of religion. The social science approach was theoretically neutral and based on empirical studies of formal or institutionalised religion which was 'reductionist to bipolarities'. However, religion itself was not confined to churchgoers and non-churchgoers or believers and non-believers. Social science structuralism has one set of explanation for statistics of religosity whereas individual identification of Christianity provides another.
Historically the Anglican church formed part of the political, social and economic establishment in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The industrial revolution and land enclosures were instrumental in breaking the traditional bonds between landlords and their economic dependants. Rural paternalism gave way to urban ignorance, class stratification to class antagonism and religious practice to religious intolerance. Although religious formalism was widespread in Victorian England it was not necessarily matched by religious belief . In establishment circles doubt and dissent flourished, as had always been the case, which provided a welcome for Darwinism and other tales. The double standard did not apply exclusively to sexual activity but found expression in social attitudes towards other forms of behaviour.
From 1963 onwards cultural changes had a major impact on churches in Britain. Part of this was due to the influence of lawmakers adopting policies at odds with the traditional ethical concerns which traditional Christianity had espoused. David Steel successfully steered the Abortion Act (1967) into law and the contraceptive pill became available. Media influence was prominent with anti-establishment messages via satirical television programmes, films with a social message and the development of what has become celebrity culture. Both the sanctity and longevity of marriage were changed by the introduction of new divorce laws which permitted divorces to take place on the basis of adultery, unreasonable behaviour, desertion, two years' separation with consent and five years' separation without consent. This increased the divorce rate while cohabitation became more common and the stigma of illegitimacy declined. Homosexuality was decriminalised. There was a relaxation of Sunday trading and recreational activities and changes in the restriction of drinking hours. A form of secular morality developed separately from traditional Christian values and centred upon issues such as gender, environmentalism, racial equality, nuclear power and the well-being of body and mind. These issues attracted and unified socialist, liberals and feminists 'as an act of faith in the new secular morality'.
Brown's conclusion is that both organised Christianity and Christian culture no longer form the core realities for Britons. This, he argues, is a symptom of postmodernism which had denied the reality of grand narratives and inroduced a form of individual anarchy based on the supremacy of the individual. He shares Charles Taylor's view that Christianity is unlikely to occupy a place in the public arena unless a new age of faith emerges. That public space is occupied by secular humanism which is an attempt to understand humanity without reference to external or supernatural forces. Brown distinguishes between postmodernism and post-modernity. The latter sees modernism as an unbroken line, using the Enlightenment paradigm, emphasising rationalism and depreciating the religious self. He considers this fails to understand that Christian piety from 1800 onwards was located in female identity. 'It was their influence on children and men, their profession of purity and virtue, their attachment to domesticity and all the virtues located with that, which sustained discursive Christianity in the age of modernity'. Aggressive feminism has produced a generation of females whose moral and feminine identitites are no longer confirmed by membership of the Christian church.
However, this does not necessarily mean Christianity is in terminal decline. Theological interpretations of the Christian message have changed, making it difficult to find a Church of England bishop who believes in traditional theology. John Robinson's Honest To God (1963) and the 'Death of God' debate in the 1960s revealed anything but honesty, as did the Bishop of Durham David Jenkins in disputing fundamental Christian beliefs. However, God has proved durable to the extent that both 'Godless Christianity' and 'Atheist Theology' represent a failure to overthrow spirituality in general and Christianity in particular. Some atheists try to claim a spiritual dimension for their belief and the various New Age cults have attracted others looking for spiritual guidance. Christianity, by shedding social conformists, remains intact. The attempt by secularists to separate their charitable contributions from those of Christian groups reveals the extent to which they have become the new bigots for whom all non-secular activity is presumed superior to religious opinion. Yet basic human nature remains unchanged and with it the need to make life spiritually meaningful remains. "Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose." Four stars.






