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Churchill & Orwell: The Fight for Freedom Hardcover – 15 Jun. 2017
| Thomas E. Ricks (Author) See search results for this author |
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Today, as liberty and truth are increasingly challenged, the figures of Churchill and Orwell loom large. Exemplars of Britishness, they preserved individual freedom and democracy for the world through their far-sighted vision and inspired action, and cast a long shadow across our culture and politics.
In Churchill & Orwell, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Thomas E. Ricks masterfully argues that these extraordinary men are as important today as they ever were. Churchill and Orwell stood in political opposition to each other, but were both committed to the preservation of freedom. However, in the late 1930s they occupied a lonely position: democracy was much discredited, and authoritarian rulers, fascist and communist, were everywhere in the ascent. Unlike others, they had the wisdom to see that the most salient issue was human liberty - and that any government that denies its people basic rights is a totalitarian menace to be resisted.
Churchill and Orwell proved their age's necessary men, and this book reveals how they rose from a precarious position to triumph over the enemies of freedom. Churchill may have played the larger role in Hitler's defeat, but Orwell's reckoning with the threat of authoritarian rule in 1984 and Animal Farm defined the stakes of the Cold War and continues to inspire to this day.
Their lives are an eloquent testament to the power of moral conviction, and to the courage it takes to stay true to it.
- Print length352 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherDuckworth
- Publication date15 Jun. 2017
- Dimensions24.2 x 3.4 x 16.6 cm
- ISBN-100715652370
- ISBN-13978-0715652374
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'A page turner written with great brio… highly enjoyable' New York Times
'A feast of a book, laden with observations and insights that enable us to see these familiar figures, and through them our own time, in a fresh and illuminating light... studded with arresting vignettes' John Gray, New Statesman
'Ricks gets beyond [their] differences and finds the iron core of both men… highlighting not just their skills and strengths, but the tumultuous times that demanded the highest exercise of their talents' Los Angeles Times
'Entertaining… Ricks succeeds in his adroit use of details' D.J. Taylor, author of Orwell: The Life
'Has fresh things to say about its subjects… poignant' Newsday
'A superb account of two men who set standards for defending liberal democracy that remain disturbingly out of reach' Kirkus (starred review)
'Superbly illustrates that Churchill and Orwell made enduring cases for the necessity of moral and political fortitude in the face of authoritarianism… a bracing work for our times' Publishers Weekly
'The genius of Ricks's method is to tell the story of an ongoing struggle through the lives of two extraordinary men' --Booklist (starred review)
'An eminently readable, frankly inspirational and exceptionally timely tribute' --Minneapolis Star Tribune
'Presents Churchill and Orwell as champions of freedom... their stories are fascinating and segue wonderfully into their times or indeed, any times' --Library Journal
About the Author
Thomas E. Ricks is the bestselling and award-winning author of The Gamble, The Generals, and the no. 1 international bestseller Fiasco - 'the most authoritative account of how the Bush administration and the US Army created a disaster in Iraq' (Max Hastings, Sunday Times). He is a former writer for the Washington Post and the Wall Street Journal, and has covered military operations across the globe. He now contributes to the New York Times, Washington Post and New Yorker, and has appeared on the BBC, Sky News and in the Guardian and other UK press. He is also contributing editor at Foreign Policy magazine, for which he writes the prize-winning blog The Best Defense.
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Product details
- Publisher : Duckworth (15 Jun. 2017)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 352 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0715652370
- ISBN-13 : 978-0715652374
- Dimensions : 24.2 x 3.4 x 16.6 cm
- Best Sellers Rank: 709,940 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- 345 in UK Politics
- 982 in European Governments & Politics
- 1,085 in Democracy
- Customer reviews:
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A case is well presented to show that both men were individualistic and libertarian by instinct. They showed great courage in being prepared to places their careers in jeopardy in the course of what they considered to be right. And both men were prepared to tell uncomfortable truths -Churchill in the 1930's concerning how deluded the Appeasement Policy was. Whilst Orwell after his experience in the Spanish Civil War, was not afraid to show how Communism had become a totalitarian movement, and the Left media just as capable as the Right in lying to their reader. They both made enemies from their own side as it were.
Yet their differences were immense. Notably Churchill had to deal with the realities of exercising political power, Orwell did not - besides being a police officer in Burma and captain in the Spanish Civil War. Churchill was born in a palace and revelled in wealth and extravagance . Orwell was ashamed of his middle class background. Churchill was a key player in World War 2 and was humiliated in an election defeat in 1945. Orwell was hardly noticed in the 1930's and for most of the War years .
The author rushes over Orwell's writings before 'Homage to Catalonia' , missing that the pessimism of '1984' with the crushing of the individual was already a theme of the early novels. Similar to Thomas Hardy's gloomier tales. Churchill suffered from depression but had the endearing talent to promote optimism against impossible odds during World War 2. This book is worth reading with a massive array of footnotes.
Churchill and Orwell never met. Ricks argues that they both made excellent cases for individual freedom. Both attended elite private schools, Harrow and Eton. I read Orwell’s major works over thirty years ago and I enjoyed being reminded of his worldview. Orwell described the miserable existence of ordinary people living in totalitarian societies. His books seem relevant today even though communism is dead. Ricks suggests that we are moving towards totalitarianism lite. Authoritarianism is on the march again. Putin, Erdogan, Xi, Kim, Iran, and Assad are examples. In the U.S. we have an intrusive surveillance state and the public is often manipulated. As in Orwell’s book, 1984, the U.S. is continuously at war and under attack so that is used to justify surveillance by the state. Ricks believes Americans face ever-increasing threats to our individual liberties.
Orwell was an obscure journalist until his breakthrough with Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). He was shot and nearly killed while fighting in the Spanish Civil War. It was there that he developed his hostility to fascism and communism. In Spain, fascists, communists and the police all tried to kill him, which probably helps explain his suspicion of authority. Orwell attended Eton College, where members of the British establishment are often educated. Eton has produced 19 British prime ministers, including David Cameron and the Duke of Wellington. Orwell's Eton education would have presented him with many advantages, which he chose to ignore. Ricks does not really dwell on this or explain Orwell’s strange career choices for an Eton graduate. Orwell became a cop in Burma, a backwater of the British Empire. In the 1930s he wrote about the life of the poor. He always sympathized with the underdog and despised the establishment. Ricks believes that he admired Churchill.
Until 1940, Churchill’s political career had often been disastrous. He was on the wrong side of history on many issues, from opposing Indian independence to returning Britain to the Gold Standard. Ricks focuses on Churchill's opposition to appeasement and on his role in World War 2. He argues, like many Americans, that appeasement was a mistake. Ricks suggests that the appeasers were often unpatriotic and cowardly. The U.S. helped draft the Treaty of Versailles but did nothing to help enforce it. Many British historians believe that Chamberlain had no good options in 1938. A lot of American politicians seem to believe that had Britain threatened war in 1936 or 1938, Hitler would have backed down. However, they fail to appreciate the military realities of the time. Britain declared war in 1939, and Hitler turned his army around and crushed Western Europe.
Britain had lost 723,000 men in WW1, and most people were desperate to avoid another war. Pacifism was popular in the 1930s, and as a result, Britain only started rearming in 1936. The British public did not realize the Germans wanted revenge for 1918. In 1938, the year of Munich, Britain was in no position to fight a war with Germany. Britain’s only real European ally was France, and its leaders did not believe the French had the stomach for a fight. France and the Soviet Union had no interest in using their armies to confront Hitler in 1936 or 1938, so a grand coalition was out of the question. In 1938, Britain’s generals told Chamberlain that they only had two divisions they could send to Europe to fight Germany. Chamberlain was told by his advisers that Hitler had 100 divisions. The RAF only received its first Spitfires in August 1938. It would have been suicidal to attack Germany in 1936 or 1938, Some Americans living in Europe agreed that Germany was unstoppable. The U.S. ambassador to Britain, Joe Kennedy, and Charles Lindbergh advised that resistance was futile. Lindbergh had visited Germany and claimed that the Luftwaffe was invincible. To many in Britain, it seemed reckless to start a war you had no chance of winning. Britain went to war in 1939 and the extra 12 months made a big difference. The country had more planes and trained pilots than it would have had in 1938.
In 1940, Orwell supported Churchill’s rise to the premiership. He believed that there was nobody in British politics with the guts or imagination to fight Hitler. Churchill's only strategy in 1940 was to get the U.S. into the war. This happened anyway in 1941 when Hitler declared war after Pearl Harbor.
Many Britons believe that Churchill had been played by FDR, since Britain emerged from the war poor, and weak. Ricks disputes this and portrays America's leaders as honest, men of integrity who wanted the best for Britain. Other American writers have in recent years questioned this interpretation and suggested that the U.S. was much more Machiavellian. Lynne Olson in her book "Those Angry Days" points out that there was considerable anti-British feeling in America before the war and this was shared by the U.S. military. George Marshall and his top brass had been pro-German before the war.
According to the American economist Benn Steil who wrote “The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order," FDR’s administration saw Britain as its main post-war rival. They wanted to be number one and tried to dismantle the British Empire. In terms of aid, the U.S. was much more generous to the Soviet Union and China than it was to the UK. Churchill concluded some disastrous deals with FDR, which Ricks ignores. Britain went bankrupt in 1947.
Ricks criticizes Tony Blair for naively invoking the “special relationship” in his support of the Iraq War in 2003. Blair seemed unaware that it was Canada, Australia, and New Zealand who stood by Britain in its hour of need in 1939, not the U.S. However, Ricks also blames Blair for damaging UK-U.S. relations by supporting the Iraq War. This is a bit rich since Blair was trying to help an ally. He faced fierce domestic opposition, which eventually ruined his reputation. Gordon Brown, who succeeded Blair as prime minister, and was his de facto deputy in 2003, recently claimed in his memoirs that Blair was misled by George Bush. Brown believes that the U.S. knew that there was no evidence that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. The British feel they had been duped, and this could be a lot more damaging to U.S.-UK relations in the long term.
Ricks believes that both Churchill and Orwell were concerned about individual freedom. For Churchill, WW2 was a war “to establish, on impregnable rocks, the rights of the individual, and it is a war to establish and revive the stature of man.” For Orwell, “If this war is about anything at all, it is a war in favor of freedom of thought.” Ricks believes that Orwell was primarily concerned about preserving privacy. The book is good on Orwell. On Churchill, Ricks mostly gives us the legend.











