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Britain's War Machine: Weapons, Resources and Experts in the Second World War Paperback – 29 Mar. 2012
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GUARDIAN BOOKS OF THE YEAR
The familiar image of the British in the Second World War is that of the plucky underdog taking on German might. David Edgerton's bold, compelling new history shows the conflict in a new light, with Britain as a very wealthy country, formidable in arms, ruthless in pursuit of its interests and sitting at the heart of a global production system.
The British, indeed Churchillian, vision of war and modernity was challenged by repeated defeat by less well equipped enemies. Yet the end result was a vindication of this vision. Like the United States, a powerful Britain won a cheap victory, while others paid a great price. Britain's War Machine, by putting resources, machines and experts at the heart of a global rather than merely imperial story, demolishes some of the most cherished myths about wartime Britain and gives us a very different and often unsettling picture of a great power in action
- Print length480 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPenguin
- Publication date29 Mar. 2012
- Dimensions12.7 x 2.16 x 19.69 cm
- ISBN-100141026103
- ISBN-13978-0141026107
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Review
Edgerton's book is a remarkable achievement. He re-envisions Britain's role in World War II and with it Britain's place in modernity. In place of a plucky island standing alone, he gives us a global empire of machines, not a welfare state, but a technocratic warfare state. The period will never look the same again -- Adam Tooze, author of The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
Consistently lively, stimulating and authoritative ― Observer
Absolutely fascinating. This book will make you think differently about Britain's role in the Second World War -- Laurence Rees, author of Auschwitz: The Nazis and The 'Final Solution'
This book has certainly changed my views ... It is a necessary and timely corrective to a great deal of loosely thought-through conventional wisdom, and makes a real contribution to our understanding of the war -- Richard Holmes ― Literary Review
For too long we have had a distorted view of Britain's position and role in the Second World War. David Edgerton has produced a stunning book that rectifies this misconception, and which is told with authority, clarity and compelling energy -- James Holland, author of The Battle of Britain
An important corrective to the black-and-white portrait of the period that still prevails ― Financial Times
A stimulating exercise in muscular revisionism ... Offers a fresh and provocative view of our much-loved and much-misunderstood "finest hour" -- David Reynolds ― Guardian
Accessibly written and deserves a wide audience. Above all, Edgerton demonstrates that the war is a subject we haven't yet heard nearly enough about. Britain's War Machine is a considerable achievement -- Graham Farmelo ― Times Higher Education
Edgerton has excelled himself with this highly revisionist account of Britain's national performance during the Second World War ... an unusually provocative book ― Twentieth Century British History, 2011
Edgerton has written what could prove to be one of the most influential books on the history of the Second World War ... majestic ... [he] has successfully shown us that we still have a lot to learn about the conflict ... it will become the required reading for all students wishing to study the Second World War ― Reviews in History
An astounding work of myth-busting ... Inspiring and unsettling in equal measure -- Tom Holland ― Guardian
Majestic ... a wonderful read. It has probably popped more myths than any other book on the war in recent years -- Taylor Downing ― History Today
Brilliant and iconoclastic ... debunks the myth that Britain was militarily and economically weak and intellectually parochial during the 1930s and 1940s -- David Blackburn ― Spectator Book Blog
Truly eye-opening ... Edgerton's carefully researched book will fundamentally change the way you think about World War II ― Daily Beast
Riveting ... a wonderfully rich book ... thoroughly stimulating -- Richard Toye ― History
A major new assessment of Britain's war effort from 1939 to 1945. Never again will some of the lazy assessments of how Britain performed over these years ... be acceptable. That's why this is such an important book ― History Today
Innovative and most important ― Contemporary Review
Compelling and engaging ... an excellent read ― Soldier
Edgerton's well-researched volume bursts with data that reveal Britain's true strength even when supposed to be in critical condition -- Peter Moreira ― Military History
Britain's War Machine offers the boldest revisionist argument that seeks to overturn some of our most treasured assumptions about Britain's role in the war ... Edgerton [is] an economic historian with an army of marshalled facts and figures at his fingertips ... This is truly an eye-opening book that explodes the masochistic myth of poor little Britain, revealing the island as a proud power with the resources needed to fight and win a world war -- Nigel Jones ― Spectator
Masterful Britain's War Machine promotes the notion that the United Kingdom of the Forties was a superpower, with access to millions of men across the globe, and forming the heart of a global production network ― Mail on Sunday
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Penguin; First Edition (29 Mar. 2012)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 480 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0141026103
- ISBN-13 : 978-0141026107
- Dimensions : 12.7 x 2.16 x 19.69 cm
- Best Sellers Rank: 290,712 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- 1,265 in Military & Naval Technology
- 2,421 in Business & Economic History
- 40,517 in History (Books)
- Customer reviews:
About the author

David Edgerton is the Hans Rausing Professor of the History of Science and Technology and Professor of Modern British History at King's College London. He is the author of a sequence of ground-breaking books on twentieth-century Britain: England and the Aeroplane: An Essay on a Militant and Technological Nation (1991), republished as England and the Aeroplane: Militarism, Modernity and Machines (Penguin 2013); Science, Technology and the British Industrial 'Decline', 1870-1970 (1996), Warfare State: Britain, 1920-1970 (2005), Britain's War Machine: Weapons, Resources and Experts in the Second World War (2011) and The Rise and Fall of the British Nation: a Twentieth-Century History (2018). He is also the author of the iconoclastic and brilliant The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900 (2006), which was re-issued in 2019.
Customer reviews
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Customers find the book informative and thought-provoking, providing new perspectives on topics. They consider it a worthwhile read for the price. The book covers British economics in depth. However, opinions differ on the readability - some find it brilliant and refreshing, while others describe it as dry and tough to read.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers find the book informative and thought-provoking. They appreciate its well-researched data and new perspectives on topics. The book provides a different perspective from popular histories that depict a weak Britain struggling for power.
"...Using a barrage (no pun intended) of stats, tables and pages of brilliantly researched data, Edgerton turns one of the enduring myths of WW2 on its..." Read more
"...amount of little known facts that it collects in support of its solid analysis (always suggesting orders of magnitude)...." Read more
"...Notwithstanding this the book does have a refreshing and thought provoking perspective on Britain's war time stance...." Read more
"...promised an authoritative insight...." Read more
Customers find the book a good value for the price.
"David Edgerton's "Britain's War Machine" is a wonderful book which deserves a place on one's boookshelf beside the companion work [..." Read more
"...So it is certainly worth a read for the price." Read more
"...I would say the book is good value for money." Read more
"An alternative view, well worth reading..." Read more
Customers find the book's economics well-received. They mention it looks at economic mobilisation and leadership required to achieve success. The book is strong on British economics, but doesn't really address the Nazi economy.
"...demonstrates that Britain was first of all opulent, "the richest state in Europe... certainly richer than Germany"; no wonder that "the British were..." Read more
"...This book is strong on British economics, but doesn’t really address the Nazi economy, analysed in telling detail by other historians...." Read more
"Good book looking at the economic mobilisation and leadership required to transform British technical and scientific support to the war effort...." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's view. They find it provides an alternative account of the Second World War and Britain.
"...Edgerton writes: "This book gives a very different and novel account of Britain at war...." Read more
"A wonderfully difference view of the Second World War's strenghths and weaknesses..." Read more
"An alternative view, well worth reading..." Read more
Customers have mixed opinions about the book's readability. Some find it insightful and refreshing, with paragraphs that can be read as monographs. Others describe it as a tough, dry read with dull prose style and issues with the text not cohesion.
"...Jokes aside, Britain's war machine is an insightful and at times, brilliant read." Read more
"...points he wishes to make are generally lost in a rather dull prose style...." Read more
"...The narrative is full of paragraphs which can be read as veritable monographs: the history of the ambitious and velleitarian atomic bomb program..." Read more
"Interesting and controversial. Not the easiest of reads but it suggests that Pre war Gov. and Industry were better prepared than is usually credited." Read more
Top reviews from United Kingdom
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- Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 2 June 2015More often or not, I come across a work of history and think - this is a good book. Very rarely do I come across a book that changes my entire perception of an historical event. This book is one of them.
Students of WW2 history are familiar with the image of plucky Britain standing up to the Nazi juggernaut. Edgerton takes a mills bomb to this idea and blows it out of the water!
Using a barrage (no pun intended) of stats, tables and pages of brilliantly researched data, Edgerton turns one of the enduring myths of WW2 on its head. If anything, it was Germany that was the underdog.
The sheer scale of Britain's empire, the resources at its disposal, and its ability to fight and dictate war on its terms, made victory inevitable. Edgerton rightly points to the horrendous attrition on the Eastern Front and compares it with Britain's losses - we got off lightly. part of that was Britain's goal to fight a modern war. In contrast, the low mechanization of the Wehrmacht and the Red Army was a reminder of the slaughter of the Great War.
Edgerton demolishes myths about Britain's food supply (only the Americans were better feed) manpower (how can a country with a global empire of 500 million suffer a manpower shortage) and tank production.
Now, tank production is a double edged sword, and one of the very few bones of contention I have with this book. Yes, Britain produced more tanks, but it was the quality and the training that made the difference in match ups against the Germans.
Edgerton highlights the General Grant as an example of a British tank with a better main gun than its German counterpart (Panzer Mark IV)
Yes, the Grant's 75mm was better than the mark IV's short barrelled equivalent, but the panzer's armament was turret mounted, whilst the Grant had its 75mm fixed in the hull, reducing its arc of fire. A moot point, but crucial in tank Vs tank combat. If the author had spent less time buried in stats and more playing miniature wargames, he'd know this!!!
Jokes aside, Britain's war machine is an insightful and at times, brilliant read.
- Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 29 May 2011David Edgerton's "Britain's War Machine" is a wonderful book which deserves a place on one's boookshelf beside the companion work The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze.
The first merit of Edgerton is to demolish the die-hard myth of Britain's unpreparedness in 1939. On the contrary he convincingly demonstrates that Britain was first of all opulent, "the richest state in Europe... certainly richer than Germany"; no wonder that "the British were the great meat-eaters of Europe" (even during the war "rationing did not imply drastically cut supplies, except in the case of sugar") and that "Britain was the most motorized nation in Europe" as well as "the world's largest importer of oil"; to be more precise "Britain started and ended the war as the world's largest importer". "So powerful was Britain in the world economy that it could in effect force many people around the world to supply it with goods for credit". Moreover "it had resources to spare, was wealthy enough to make mistakes, and could fight as it chose to rather than had to".
This enviable condition reflected itself both in the industry and in the armed forces. "The warfare state was one of plenty, of armed forces generously supplied with new equipment by new factories", "interwar Britain was a military superpower at sea and in the air, supporting the largest arms industry in the world" (incidentally, "it was the largest arms exporter of the world"). "Britain rearmed on a scale unprecedented in peacetime". The "liberal militarism" which pervaded Britain caused a veritable "orgy of techno-nationalist excess", the scientific pursuit of its industrial and military aims was spasmodic: not only "in some key sectors, efficiency of production was the same as in the USA", but "if one of the forces was organized with Teutonic efficiency and regimentation, it was the RAF, not the Luftwaffe". Moreover "Britain was the world's greatest tank producer in the years 1941 and 1942" and "although it was widely believed from 1941-42 that Britain tanks in North Africa were inferior to German in quantity and quality, this view was shown to be incorrect". "By nearly every standard the British army was much better equipped than the German army from the beginning to the end of the war". "Another measure of preparedness was that during the war forty-four overwhelmingly new ordnance factories were in operation".
Britain was so utterly self conscious of its industrial might and technical primacy that "when the British team... went to the US with new British developments in October 1940, there was again a clear sense that the British had more to offer the Americans than vice versa". On the battlefield "the British were also much more successful imperialists than the Germans, mobilizing a huge imperial force, a large part of it effectively mercenary".
The second merit of the book resides in the enormous amount of little known facts that it collects in support of its solid analysis (always suggesting orders of magnitude). The narrative is full of paragraphs which can be read as veritable monographs: the history of the ambitious and velleitarian atomic bomb program since 1941; the airframe and aircraft engine industry; the rifle crisis and the radios shortage in 1940; the import issue and the Liberty ships program; the story of Churchill, his cronies, the boffins and their often bizarre, costly but inconclusive war-winning gadgets; the uneasy relationship among science, technology, universities and operational research; the food and agriculture problems; the oil and fuel production (one of the very best parts of the book, perfectly supported by extremely enlightening maps of refineries, hydrogenation plants and pipelines locations; the perfect complement to Goralski and Freeburg's Oil and War: How the Deadly Struggle for Fuel in WWII Meant Victory or Defeat); the peculiarities of the British Army (the first to have a complete cold-store chain as well as a blood transfusion system); "the Middle East Supply Centre [which] coordinated civil imports and promoted local supply", including the "growing of potatoes in Egypt and Syria, potatoes without which the British soldier does not consider himself properly fed", and the lavish "some 10 million fourteen-man packs... produced between 1942 and 1945, in seven varieties, which included pudding"; the bureaucracies (one finds out that "at one stage of the war the three key procurement officers [Ministry of Supply, Ministry of Aircraft Production and the Controller of the Navy] all knew each other from their days as naval officers" and "many crucial disputes between their ministries were solved in a genial manner in private": those three so called "boilermakers" launched every week at the Carlton Hotel!); "the Bengal famine of 1943, when millions perished".
Such a well documented (118 pages of notes and bibliography!) and convincing praise of the British Imperial spirit makes the continental reader sometimes cringe, as his ears resound with the words of Mussolini, when he declared war on the "plutocratic democracies", proclaiming that the Axis war was "the struggle of the poor and proletarian peoples against the exploiters which ferociously hold the monopoly of the world wealth".
Yet there are some aspects of the book which are at the same time stimulating and unconvincing.
A statement like "it went to war, allied with France, in pursuit of great interests, by choice", appears to hint that in September 1939 Britain was not just a purely formal aggressor (in fact declaring war on Germany in defence of Poland and of the status quo). No real evidence is offered for such an interpretation, which could be nonetheless correct, at least towards Italy, if it is true that (as Raynolds M. Salerno explains, Vital Crossroads: Mediterranean Origins of the Second World War, 1935-1940 (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs)) as early as 1937 "Eden told the Cabinet that Britain should adopt a policy of intimidation by manifesting the progress of British rearmament with military reinforcement in the Mediterranean". One observes "Britain's arrogance in the Mediterranean" theater only (and intermittently), when a contemptuous Alexander Cadogan affirmed: "We shall have quite enough abuse of `Ice-creamers'" and wondered "what to do with the ice-cream vendors. Drown the brutes is what I should like to do" (quoted by Salerno).
Somehow enigmatic remains Edgerton's statement that "if we understand British strength not in continental military terms but in British terms, there is little doubt about relative British strength, bearing in mind that Britain never envisaged fighting a great power alone". The richest and supposedly most powerfully armed nation in Europe would be expected to demonstrate its strength on the battlefield, i.e. in the classical (not British nor continental) terms. Considering then that "external support was vital to high British mobilization. Indeed Lend-Lease was designed precisely to achieve this", one wonders if British strength was intrinsic or not. And if not, what was the price to pay and to whom. Edgerton stresses the "cheapness of the victory" affirming that "for the richest belligerents, the USA and Britain, victory came at very low cost" and that for Britain the war was "only a financial and not a commercial or industrial Dunkirk". Yet reflecting on the undeniable postwar British decline, Edgerton comes to the point with a phrase which is worth the whole book: "Britain's stupendous relative decline in wartime was caused not by its decision to fight, but by that of the USA". In fact Britain strove to keep direct military American help out of Europe for as long as possible, or at least for as long as the British could show off a purely indigenous triumph. As H.P. Willmott observes (When Men Lost Faith in Reason: Reflections on War and Society in the Twentieth Century (Studies in Military History & International Affairs)), "at a time when Britain stood on the edge of the eclipse as a great power, here was the victory that paid for all the defeats, won before dependence upon the United States undercut Britain's status and authority: Alamein was Britain's swan-song... Alamein, not the Somme, was Europe's last great love-battle. This was the last battle involving Europeans with virtually no reference to outsiders and somehow it seems both perverse and appropriate that with its fate to be decided by non- and extra-European powers greater than itself, Europe should have fought its final battle beyond its shores". Nevertheless not even Alamein prevented that feared direct American intervention which would compound British problems and engender Britain's decline. Thus it seems that the fall of the Empire originated from the Mediterranean stoppage since mid 1940, following which, Edgerton notes, "indeed Egypt was now closer to Australia than to Britain". Very meaningful was therefore the alternative proposed to the Britons: "Beef or Bardia"; but even though Bardia was taken (and in what a spectacular and "mechanical" way!), the defeated and humiliated Italians (Cadogan's "purulent dogs"!) managed nevertheless to make the Germans keep the Mediterranean closed for two fatal years more.
Taking into account the postwar convergence and the catching up with Britain of all European powers (particularly Italy, although it had mobilized for the war the tiniest fraction of its scant national income: see Mark Harrison, ed., The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison (Studies in Macroeconomic History)), Edgerton does not convince as he writes that "US growth, not British failure, was the main cause of the spectacular British relative decline between 1941 and 1945". Moreover his observation that "industrially Britain had been strengthened by the war" looks not significant, since, as Harrison notes, "Each of our six countries... finished the war with a larger stock of machine tools than before".
Instead it seems rather natural that immediately after the war a resentful First Lord of the Sea wrote (Admiralty, FO 371/67751): "To the Italians, a reminder is required that they declared war on us and we beat them. But before their defeat, they did us irreparable harm, which they cannot and they should not forget. Because of this harm, we are now a poor nation, as poor as they, and cannot give charity gifts as the U.S. do. Apart from wealth, they never stabbed the U.S. in the back, and our motives and memories are conditioned differently to those of the Americans".
Top reviews from other countries
Brinn BelyeaReviewed in the United States on 19 January 20245.0 out of 5 stars Essential WW2 Reading
Britain's War Machine is in the same league as Richard Overy's War and Economy in the Third Reich or Adam Tooze's The Wages of Destruction. Absolutely essential reading. I devoured the book quickly due to how compelling it is.
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Carlos Vazquez QuintanaReviewed in Spain on 30 December 20223.0 out of 5 stars Muy exagerado pero divertido
POrque no debió ser divertida la 2ª guerra mundial para Gran Bretaña, pero el autor pretende que aun sin la ayuda de EEUU, esa isla hubiera ganado a Hitler.
Yo no me lo creo, pero es el caso que, aun siendo extraño, el relato de la fabricación de armamentos, provisiones y demás logística es algo que me atrae como muchos asuntos sobre ingeniería.
Paro vamos, es difícilmente tragable que los tanques británicos fueran jamás superiores a los alemanes, ni siquiera sus fusiles, pero es lo que en síntesis propone el autor. Un buen libro¿? para los que han cometido el tremendo error del Brexit.
Cliente AmazonReviewed in Spain on 11 June 20191.0 out of 5 stars Chauvinistic and Dreadful
Propaganda rather than History. Shameful anglo-chauvinism and boring too
Bayard B.Reviewed in the United States on 23 July 20134.0 out of 5 stars Fascinating analysis of Britain's industrlal effort in World War II
A little over the top in terms of presenting the idea that everything was wonderful about Britain's industrial effort regarding aircraft, tanks, ship building, and so forth. For a more balanced view on British tank design and manufacture (for example) see Death by Design by Peter Beale and Blood, Sweat, and Arrogance by Gordon Corrigan. For a thorough discussion of the relatively low level of the German military industry in the second world war, see The Wages of Destruction by Adam Tooze. None the less, it does present a good alternative to the traditional historical view that Germany was the ultimate technical and industrial leader in the war.
CustomerReviewed in the United States on 21 April 20175.0 out of 5 stars Excellent
I am reading this book now and it is extraordinarily informative, well written and engaging. I highly recommend this for anyone who is a serious scholar of British History.









