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Paranormal Phenomena and Berkeley's Metaphysics (Psi informatics series)
 
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Paranormal Phenomena and Berkeley's Metaphysics (Psi informatics series) (Paperback)
by Peter B. Lloyd (Author)
5.0 out of 5 stars 1 customer review (1 customer review)

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People often regard paranormal phenomena as anomalous or freaky. Even those who believe the phenomena to be real often think of them as lying outside the realm of systematic knowledge and theoretical understanding. This book argues that there is a philosophical approach that can lead to a cogent understanding of the paranormal realm. The theory of eighteenth-century philosopher George Berkeley provides the radically different framework of ideas that is needed to accommodate the strange workings of the paranormal processes.

The central thesis of Berkeley's philosophy is that what we take to be the solid world around us is really a dream in a much bigger mental system. Berkeley called that system 'God', but the author has avoided religious connotations by calling it the 'metamind'. Stated simply and out of context, this thesis may seem to be an absurdity. It is, however, an internally consistent theory. And, when you examine it carefully, you will find that it does not yield the paradoxes that you might, at first, expect it to.

Moreover, there are rigorous philosophical arguments to support it. These are given in the companion volume, Consciousness and Berkeley's Metaphysics. The present book gives a 'guided tour' of Berkeley's metaphysical philosophy. It does not, however, go into details of the arguments for his philosophical position - that was done at some length in the first volume. It also provides a comparison of Berkeley's philosophy with that of the Vedanta in Hinduism. (One of the paradoxes of modern consciousness studies is that the immaterialism of Eastern religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism is better known than the home-grown immaterialism of Berkeley.)

Once we accept the basic platform of Berkeley's philosophical scheme, a lot of seemingly chaotic paranormal phenomena start to fall into place. The author leads us through recent research in telecognition (such as remote viewing and telepathy) and telekinesis, and puts forward a theoretical model in which these phenomena can be seen as natural consequences of the basic Berkeleian theory.

Beyond the elementary paranormal phenomena, which are studied in university laboratories, there are many reliable reports of encounters with outlandish beings: angels, fairies, aliens. At first, these seem to defy any rational explanation. Again, however, the author shows that they fall into an coherent framework - provided that we look at them from Berkeley's perspective.

Following on from the pioneering work of Jacques Vallee and John A. Keel, the author accepts that many reports of aliens and other entities reflect genuine experiences. But they do not represent meetings with material beings who have travelled to Earth in nut-and-bolts spacecraft. Where Vallee and Keel left open the big question of what 'universe' these entities come from, the author proposes that they are a product of what Carl Jung called the 'collective unconscious'. Whilst Jung was uncertain of how flying saucers and other manifestations of the collective unconscious could have physical effects such as radar traces and ground marks, the Berkeleian perspective lets us see clearly how autonomous forces in the collective unconscious could generate manifestations that are indistinguishable from regular physical phenomena.

Designated 'strange manifestors' by the author, these entities make sense only within the framework of mental monism that Berkeley established.

The book ends with a discussion of the ethics and practicality of a new era of psychic engineering.

From the Publisher
This is the second of a planned series of books entitled Psi Informatics. Our guiding premise is that the ultimate nature of the world is mental and that there is an informatic structure underlying the manifest world. Normally hidden under the veneer of the physical world, the informatic machinery of the world is sometimes exposed and made accessible in psi phenomena. Our long-term aim is to carry out analyses of psi phenomena in informatic terms in order to achieve a scientific understanding of them, and ultimately an engineering command of them.

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4 of 5 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars A stimulating contribution to the current debate, 2 Jun 2000
By A Customer
These books are not for the faint-hearted - they are technical, closely argued and erudite - but will interest those wrestling with problems raised by the philosophy of consciousness and who are looking for the kind of solution that makes consciousness primary rather than secondary. They are built on the idealism of the 18th century Irish Bishop George Berkeley, a man who has been wilfully misunderstood by generations of critics.

In the first book Peter sets out the history and context of the mind-body problem, and provides an admirable summary of various theories of mind, all of which he finds wanting. He then goes on to consider theories of reality before advancing his own view of mental monism and its implications, ending up with a statement of the Berkeleian model of the mind. The second book builds on the first. It provides an account of Berkeley's metaphysics, a very good summary of the whole range of psi phenomena and theoretical approaches to explanation. He then proposes a Berkeleian model of psi and considers Jung's approach to UFOs.

Peter's suggestion is that the conscious mind has its own ontological standing, 'and is neither identified with, nor supervenient on, the brain, or its activities, or its functions'. He proposes that the neural correlates of consciousness are non-deterministic events in the brain and that conscious experiences and acts of volition can occur in the non-physical mind independently of what happens in the brain. Perceptions are induced by what Peter calls the 'metamind' (he eschews Berkeley's use of God here). He argues that sensory ideas can only exist in the mind, and that objects likewise can only exist in the mind. This does not take account of the middle reflexive position developed by Max Velmans, even though it is logically consistent. Peter reverses the argument of Wittgenstein and Ryle that statements about the mental world are derivative by insisting that 'statements about the mind make genuine reference to the mind'. His Berkeleian view uses the term 'experientia' to denote the contents of consciousness and the term 'metaverse' to mean the mental universe or union of all minds at all levels of existence (not just physical). In this sense an 'ordinary mind' is a subset of the metamind, 'closed under ordinary operations of mental access'.

This theory can now be applied to paranormal phenomena beyond what Peter calls the 'ontological myopia' of conventional neuroscience. Each mind is a vortex in the same common pool, although we are warned against conceiving this in a spatial way. This view means that psi phenomena are 'fundamentally the same kind of process as those that take place within minds' -- each mind being a set of exeperientia and the metaverse being the union of all minds. Peter does not claim to provide a complete theory, and certainly shows up the shortcomings of existing approaches. I think that his view is along the right lines since the data do point towards consciousness being fundamental rather than derivative in the scheme of things. Peter's books are a stimulating contribution to the current debate.

[From the review published in Network, the journal of the Scientific and Medical Network, no. 72, April 2000, reproduced with permission.]

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