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Occidentalism: A Short History of Anti-Westernism
 
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Occidentalism: A Short History of Anti-Westernism (Paperback)

by Ian Buruma (Author), Avishai Margalit (Author)
4.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (5 customer reviews)

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Product details

  • Paperback: 208 pages
  • Publisher: Atlantic Books; New Ed edition (12 Aug 2004)
  • Language English
  • ISBN-10: 1843542870
  • ISBN-13: 978-1843542872
  • Product Dimensions: 19.8 x 13.8 x 2 cm
  • Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (5 customer reviews)
  • Amazon.co.uk Sales Rank: 489,414 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

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Product Description

Book Description
A pioneering investigation of the lineage of anti-Western stereotypes that traces them back to the West itself.

Twenty-five years ago, Edward Said's Orientalism spawned a generation of scholarship on the denigrating and dangerous mirage of "the East" in the Western colonial mind. But "the West" is the more dangerous mirage of our own time, Ian Buruma and Avishai Margalit argue, and the idea of "the West" in the minds of its self-proclaimed enemies remains largely unexamined and woefully misunderstood. Occidentalism is their groundbreaking investigation of the demonizing fantasies and stereotypes about the Western world that fuel such hatred in the hearts of others.

We generally understand "radical Islam" as a purely Islamic phenomenon, but Buruma and Margalit show that while the Islamic part of radical Islam certainly is, the radical part owes a primary debt of inheritance to the West. Whatever else they are, al Qaeda and its ilk are revolutionary anti-Western political movements, and Buruma and Margalit show us that the bogeyman of the West who stalks their thinking is the same one who has haunted the thoughts of many other revolutionary groups, going back to the early nineteenth century. In this genealogy of the components of the anti-Western worldview, the same oppositions appear again and again: the heroic revolutionary versus the timid, soft bourgeois; the rootless, deracinated cosmopolitan living in the Western city, cut off from the roots of a spiritually healthy society; the sterile Western mind, all reason and no soul; the machine society, controlled from the center by a cabal of insiders-often Jews-pulling the hidden levers of power versus an organically knit-together one, a society of "blood and soil." The anti-Western virus has found a ready host in the Islamic world for a number of legitimate reasons, they argue, but in no way does that make it an exclusively Islamic matter.

A work of extraordinary range and erudition, Occidentalism will permanently enlarge our collective frame of vision. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

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4 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Shows how non-Western world both admires and hates the West, 16 Sep 2007
By M. McManus - See all my reviews
(TOP 1000 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)      
This review is from: Occidentalism: A Short History of Anti-westernism (Paperback)
The book explores how various cultures outside the West have adopted anti-Western views throughout history, with particular focus on Japan during World War II and the modern Islamic world. The authors examine how the West is both demonised and begrudgingly admired at the same time: whilst Western culture is viewed as crude, one dimensional and harmful to traditional values, Western techology and might are vast, and are thus desired. As a result, even the most violently anti-Western cultures felt they had no choice but to copy Western technology in order to "catch up" with the West, whilst simultaneously hoping that they would not internalise Western beliefs behind this technology too much in the process.

The authors also look at how poeple in the non-Western world are often divided into two camps: reformers, who advocate the whole scale adoption of Western values and and practices even if this means abandoning certain traditional values in the process. On the other hand are nativists, who utterly reject the notion that Western values should be emulated in any way, and instead believe that a puritanical "return to the past" is needed to immunise the people from being seduced by the West. The Shah of Iran is given as an example of the former, whilst Islamic revolutionaries are given as an example of the latter.

The authors also note that some cultures can do both relatively well. The Japanese for example successfully built Western industry and military hardware, whilst simultaneously retaining the Samurai Bushido code that drove the Kamikazes. In other words "West for technology and military, our own culture for spiritual and moral guidance". A similar attitude is felt in the Muslim world today.

The book does not have any major weaknesses, but is rather brief, and I felt there was a lot more they could have said. It may also require a slightly more than casual knowledge of C20th history, as there are some concepts and developments that are written of in such a way a knowledge of them is needed to fully appreciate the points the authors are making.

All in all a good effort, which will be enjoyed by most.
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12 of 14 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars I am an Occidentalist, 9 Jun 2006
By G. J. Weeks (London) - See all my reviews
(TOP 500 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)   
This review is from: Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of Its Enemies (Hardcover)
This is a short well written book by, as far as I can tell, two academics, one American and one Israeli. They define their subject like this. "Occidentalism can be seen as the expression of a bitter resentment toward an offensive display of superiority by the West, based on the alleged superiority of reason.' They say, " More corrosive even than military imperialism is the imperialism of the mind imposed by spreading the western belief in scientism, the faith in science as the only way to gain knowledge." p.95.

They start with a meeting of Japanese scholars in 1942 asking how to overcome the modern. The modern is typified by the city, materialism, individualism and immorality. The history of the city as whore is discussed. Individualism is blamed on the West's reformation heritage. From Romanticism's rejection of Enlightenment rationalism we are shown how other cultures have emphasised the reason of heart not head and the importance of community. We are given a link from Romanticism to Islamism, even via Russian Orthodoxy and Marxism. It is a fascinating journey. the West is hated out of envy but more than envy too.

The authors are understanding of Islam showing suicide bombing as a recent innovation condemned by main stream Islam. Islam must deal with Islamists, but one wonders if this is any more than a hope. I wonder if they do give enough weight to the mainstream theology that says Islam must rule and all the world submit. The unique thing about the Islamists seems to me to be their methods of achieving this alone.

I recommend this book as helping us to see ourselves as others see us. Zealous Christians will be just as critical of the West's rationalism, materialism, individualism, exploitation and sexual immorality just like any Occidentalist.
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7 of 9 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Occidentalism, 7 April 2005
A remarkable book by Ian Buruma and Avishai Margalit, written so that it can be appreciated by the academic and the layman which is not an easy thing to acommplish. This book is compelling reading and clarifies the dichotomy between Western and Anti-Western culture. It explains how the Occidentalism of present day Islamic radicalism and Islamic fundementalism have merged to form a cogent philosophy. However, the book goes a stage further by examining the hubris of Occidentalism in other cultures. Buruma and Margalit show that the roots of Occidentalism lie in the age old war of the nation state controlled by religion versus secularization, and agrarianism versus industry, with the city as the repository of all evil.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews

1.0 out of 5 stars Superficial
Occidentalism as defined by the authors is the dehumanizing picture of the West painted by its enemies (Islam, Japan before WW II). Read more
Published 10 months ago by Luc REYNAERT

5.0 out of 5 stars A must for the shelf.
I recieved this book today, and during my lunch break crammed in the first chapter before running back to my desk 8 minutes late! Im captivated.
Published 19 months ago by Mr. S. O. Donnell

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