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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars
A dramatic TKO on Wall Street, 21 May 2009
As I began to read this account of "the last 72 hours of Bear Stearns, the toughest firm on Wall Street," so powerful are Kate Kelly's narrative and descriptive skills that it soon seemed as if I were seeing a film rather than reading a book. Colorful characters, fast-moving plot, vivid images, lively dialog, riveting conflicts and confrontations, increasing tension, and then....
The book's narrative begins at 5:30 P.M. on Thursday, March 13, 2008, and continues until 8:30 PM on Sunday, March 16, 2008, followed by an Epilogue in which Kelly reviews subsequent developments at other firms (e.g. Lehman, AIG, Merrill) and provides a follow-up on Bear Stearns' key leaders. From Thursday through Sunday, at a pace that astonished everyone involved, the once-proud firm of "street fighters...lean, scrappy, and hungry for profits," a firm that had "an underdog's spirit, and relished the chance to knock more well-heeled firms down a peg or two," saw its stock take a "breathtaking drop." It had sold for $172 in January of 2007, was selling for $57 on March 13, 2008, and continued to plunge so far and so fast ($30.00 on March 14) that when Bear received J.P. Morgan Chase's final offer, the stock was valued at $2.00.
How to explain Bear's decline and fall? Kelly offers several reasons. Here are four:
1. Dysfunctional leadership (e.g. its CFO, Sam Molinaro, was "hopelessly disorganized" amidst toxic infighting between and among the firm's leaders)
2. Decision-making that Jim Collins describes (in How the Mighty Fall) as "grasping for salvation" in Stage 4 of a five-stage process of organizational decline
3. Indifference to promising new diagnostics such as a risk-assessment matrix to pinpoint the firm's exposure to the markets that a Bear employee had taken years to develop
4. Senior managers' obsession with wealth accumulation, with a concern for the firm's welfare only to the extent that it enabled them to achieve that objective
Over time, it became obvious to Bear's leaders (including board members) that the firm would either have to accept the best offer (and whether or not there would be any remained in doubt throughout most of the frantic weekend) or file for bankruptcy. Meanwhile, negotiations continued with other firms (notably J.P. Morgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, and J.C. Flowers), with the Federal Reserve (Tim Geithner, Ben Bernanke, and Kevin Walsh), and the U.S. Treasury (Hank Paulson and Bob Steel). Advisors to Bear Stearns included Gary Parr (Lazard), Rodge Cohen (Sullivan & Cromwell LLP), and Dennis Block (Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP). Finally, the deal was made with J.P. Morgan Chase.
In her Epilogue, Kelly notes that "Bear failed because the credit crisis of 2008 killed every firm with a large mortgage business, too little diversification to offset the losses from bad loans, and the inability to be proactive. These factors ruined Lehman Brothers, and, directly or indirectly, almost sank Fannie, Freddie, AIG, and Merrill Lynch - until the government, private industry, or both stanched the bleeding." She goes on to suggest that, among the investment banks that once dominated the U.S. economy, Bear, the fifth largest, "was also uniquely vulnerable. The simple spirit that made Ace Greenberg the company's most celebrated figure - that of cutting losses early, saving money on paper clips and envelopes, and guarding religiously against outsized risk - had long since been replaced by a more cavalier outlook. Its chief proponent was Jimmy Cayne." It seems probable that the firm's subsequent decline can be traced back to Cayne's appointment as CEO but there were others who must share the blame, notably the firm's subsequent CEO, Alan Schwartz, who "was in denial about his company's travails and when capital-generating opportunities appeared in January and February, he "essentially dismissed them."
As Schwartz departed Bear's headquarters on Sunday evening, Parr caught up with him in the hallway and urged him to feel very good about what he had accomplished. "You've done a remarkable job in working this through." Schwartz shook his head, struggling to collect himself. "I feel terrible," he finally said.
The End
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