Review
Various scholars, from Aristotle to Sir Mortimer Wheeler, have held that war is a natural activity of mankind. John Keegan, one of the most gifted military historians of our day and ever ready to put the difficult question, inquires whether this is really so. He surveys the history of warfare, from the stone age to the nuclear age, in a closely argued, occasionally maddening, always stimulating book . For the first third of it, he summarizes the conclusions of anthropologists and prehistorians about combat with sticks and stones, slings and arrows. But then he shows the development of face-to-face combat, which he traces back to classical Greece. He demonstrates how much temperament, tradition and beliefs matter, as well as weapons and tactics; and stands Clausewitz on his head. He establishes war as an end and a delight in itself; and politics as the continuation of war by other means. In conclusion he asserts that industrial societies have habituated themselves to war, yet 'Unless we unlearn the habits we have taught ourselves, we shall not survive.' (Kirkus UK)
With his usual fluent mastery, Keegan (The Price of Admiralty, 1989, etc.) offers provocative perspectives on armed conflict through the ages. Taking immediate aim at Clausewitzian theory, the author argues that culture has frequently proved as powerful as politics in decisions to wage war (most notably, perhaps, in prehistoric societies, where the state was an alien concept). Ranging backward and forward in time, he divides his canvass into broad categories (e.g., "stone," "flesh," "iron," "fire") that allow him to focus on broad as well as narrow aspects of mortal combat. Among other matters, Keegan addresses such perplexing issues as why men fight, how primitive peoples do battle, what factors constrain belligerents, and the circumstances that can precipitate hostilities. Throughout his panoramic survey, he pays particular attention to weaponry (from spears through nuclear ordnance) and other aspects of the martial arts, including fortifications, logistics, and the organization of armies. Covered as well are warrior fraternities like the Crusaders, Mamelukes, samurai, and Zulus, whose feats of arms Keegan illuminates with commentary on contemporary mores - noting, for example, that the Tokugawa shogunate (at pains to preserve a way of life - and death) kept firearms out of Japan for over 250 years, until the Meiji Restoration led to the island nation's industrialization and militarism. Along similar lines, there's an intriguing take on the evolution of primeval horses, whose descendants took charioteers, Mongol hordes, and Western cavalrymen into action on many fronts. While all civilizations may owe their origins - if not their existence - to war, Keegan concludes that global survival depends on our curbing humanity's vast capacity for destructive violence - and on this score, readers of his superb new survey will find, he's cautiously optimistic. (Kirkus Reviews)
Product Description
In this book, winner of the Duff Cooper prize, the author, a military historian, provides not merely a history of warfare but an analysis of world history, and the role that man's impulse to war has played in it. This book is the result of 30 years of reading, research, teaching and commenting on military affairs. It brings together in a single volume the themes explored in the author's earlier books and adds to them the insights gained in his visits to many of the world's major battlefields, a lifetime's friendship with soldiers of different armies and his more recent experience as a war correspondent in the Lebanon and the Gulf.
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