This is Ralph Miliband's masterpiece. His purpose is to demystify the capitalist state - showing that is not a neutral set of institutions, reflecting some 'general interest' by way of democratic practices, but that instead it is the state of the dominant interests (i.e. capitalist class) in a divided society.

The book is plainly written, allowing ease of readership, and sets out to explain complex social relations in a manner that may be understood by any student of social science. The capitalist state is examined in a very wide context - with examples provided from throughout the 'western-type' world (Britain, France, USA, Japan, Germany, etc). This provides for a sense of comprehensiveness on the part of the author.

Written in the mid-1960's, and first published in 1969, this book became a standard text in political science, sociology and the study of social policy for the next decade. Read today, the examples are - of course - dated; but the arguments are still sharp and insightful.

Miliband set out to provide a Marxist critique of liberal theories on the contemporary capitalist state, especially the leading theory of the time: pluralism. He succeeds in this. He exposes pluralism, and liberal theories generally, as ideological constructs serving to legitimise a state system that maintains an inherently divided society, thereby reproducing relations of domination and subordination.

What he does not do, however, is adequately engage with the nature of the state itself; rather, he demonstrates what the state is not (i.e. it is not as liberal-pluralists and democratic theorists have supposed). Miliband nowhere provides an in-depth examination of the state from a Marxist perspective; in fact, the theory of Marxist politics is absent from the book. This limitation - highlighted by Poulantzas, in his seminal 'debate' with Miliband - does not detract from the importance of the book, since its aim was merely to provide a critique of liberal conceptions.

This book remains useful: it provides students with a clearly posed critique of bourgeois ideology on the state; and it provides a series of historical examples of mid-20th century state activity in capitalist societies.

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The State in Capitalist Society: The Analysis of the Western System of Power (Paperback)

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