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Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting
 
 

Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting (Paperback)

by Daniel C. Dennett (Author) "The idea of Fate is older than philosophy itself, and since the dawn of the discipline philosophers have been trying to show what is wrong..." (more)
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Product details

  • Paperback: 210 pages
  • Publisher: OUP Oxford (28 Feb 1985)
  • Language English
  • ISBN-10: 0198247907
  • ISBN-13: 978-0198247906
  • Product Dimensions: 21 x 13.8 x 2.2 cm
  • Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (1 customer review)
  • Amazon.co.uk Sales Rank: 266,852 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

    Popular in this category:

    #14 in  Books > Society, Politics & Philosophy > Philosophy > Topics > Free Will & Determinism

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Product Description

Review

"Sir," harrumphed Dr. Johnson, "We know our will is free, and there's an end on't." Professor Dennett (Philosophy, Tufts) also knows the will is free, but in this witty, wide-ranging, steadily persuasive essay he transforms Johnson's (and most other people's) intuitive certitude into a series of rationally articulated probabilities. The "elbow room" he argues for is the sphere inhabited by "us sinners" (limited, conditioned, but responsible agents), as opposed to both the realms of absolute freedom imagined by Socrates, Kant, Sartre, Chisolm, et al., and the dungeons of determinism or fatalism. The latter, of course, are what really worry us; but Dennett shows that the specters of heteronomy are neither irrefutable axioms nor solid science, but "unfocused images" that break down under scrutiny. In one of his many illuminating metaphors, he contrasts body English (the determinist's view that all our thinking and straining and deciding affect the real world no more than a golfer's antics after hitting a putt help to sink it) with follow-through: the seemingly illogical but undeniable fact that "keeping one's head down" after striking the ball - doggedly assuming our deliberations and choices make a difference - makes for a better shot. But if Dennett assaults behavioristic and related models of mind, he's no kinder to "soft" ideas of free will, such as the belief that there can be no moral or criminal guilt unless a person in a given situation could have done otherwise: first of all, we can never say with authority whether alternate actions were possible or not (too many imponderables); second, even if we knew, our knowledge would have little value (all "microcircumstances" being unique); and third, the agent's lack of an alternative might have no importance (if he had made himself a hardened criminal). As readers of The Mind's I (1981) will remember, Dennett has a remarkable gift for constructing humanistic psychology out of materials garnered from physics, biology, and cybernetics. He's in even better form here - and with his sprightly style and exceptional clarity, he's a worthy descendant, if not a disciple, of his great forebear, William James. (Kirkus Reviews)

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The idea of Fate is older than philosophy itself, and since the dawn of the discipline philosophers have been trying to show what is wrong with the idea that our fates are sealed before we are born. Read the first page
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16 of 17 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Stretching constraints, 25 Sep 2005
By Stephen A. Haines (Ottawa, Ontario Canada) - See all my reviews
(TOP 10 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)   
Dennett combines clarity of thought with clarity of expression to re-introduce the question of "free will." It's an age-old topic, but Dennett's knowledge of nature gives him fresh insight in grappling with the issue. He concedes at the outset that "free will" is usually considered a topic for academics to wrangle over. One of his special talents, however, is bringing such subjects out of the scholastic arena and into everyday life. He recognizes that all of us are plagued by outworn traditions and mind-blinding prejudices. He wants us to free our minds of these restraints. From there, he hopes we will enter a future based on more rational concepts. It's an ambitious programme, but one Dennett presents with outstanding conceptual ability and skillful prose.

Dennett's use of the "intuition pump" to expose the "bogeymen" that plague our reason makes him unique among philosophers. It's an analysis tool that more should emulate. More significantly it's a method we should all learn. Rigid thinking leads us down wrong paths and this work is a guidebook for avoiding that. One of the wrong paths is the idea that "free will" and "determinism" are absolutely separate - there is no way to reconcile the two concepts. Dennett shows that there are many forms of "determinism" in nature, and we are part of nature. Humans, however, have a decision-making capability the rest of nature lacks. We have "elbow room," based on our consciousness, which gives us the ability to make choices. The dividing line between what nature imposes and our mentality allows, is vague and indistinct, sometimes contradictory, but it's there. Dennett wants us to recognize, so far as we can, which is which.

Dennett concedes that there's an apparent paradox in this view. If we are the product of evolutionary forces, why isn't our behaviour preset in our genes? It is, according to Dennett, but exercises only limited influence. Our complex intellect allows us to modify those natural roots and give us what we see as unlimited choices. We call this condition "free will". Dennett reminds us, however, that free will is no more an absolute than determinism. Dennett's rejection of absolutes in any guise have led to many critical assaults on his work. Yet, as almost the sole philosopher to adopt natural selection as part of his thinking, he has shown his work to be the most rationally based of all. Far from "dodging" issues, he shows how this open approach can actually lead to a firmer grasp of issues. As he points out, the issue is not a "choice" of absolute options, but "control" over the conditions. It's not just choosing which path, but perhaps the building of a new one.

For Dennett, a topic such as "free will" is far from limited to academic discussion. A clear concept of what free will entails has ramifications in law, education and many social policies. He addresses many aspects of applying his definition of free will in the final chapter "Why Do We Want Free Will?". With a strong sense of the pragmatic, Dennett shows why our understanding of the concept has meaning for us all. With his witty style and practical approach to what otherwise might be an obscure topic, Dennett has given us a highly readable and realistic overview. [stephen a. haines - Ottawa, Canada]

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