Wagner: Parsifal [Live, Original recording remastered, Box set]

In my opinion, a true Parsifal can only be realized in the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, given the fact that Wagner wrote the opera with his theater's acoustics in mind. Wagner's architecture allows the music to resound magically from the sunken orchestra pit, and this allows Parsifal's beautiful score to come to full bloom. Despite the wonderful studio recordings that one can buy in the market (such as Karajan's magical Berlin recording, Kubelik's magnificent Bavarian recording, and Solti's acclaimed Vienna production), Bayreuth Parsifals have always been more exciting. The conductor in this recording is Hans Knappertsbusch, a maestro who keeps with the holy traditions of the grail-infused score and gives the music a breadth, gravity, and clarity absent from most new conductors. His most famous recording from Bayreuth was a 1951 recording with Martha Mödl, Wolfgang Windgassen, George London, and Ludwig Weber. I think that is one of the most inspired Parsifals ever committed to disc. This recording, made eleven years later, is just as inspired and beautiful as the 1951 account, with better sound, a more magnificent cast, and in ways, much better judged tempi than the glacial 1951 recording.

In my opinion, the crowning glory of this set in Hans Hotter's Gurnemanz. Full of gravitas and wisdom, despite what people say about his voice, Hotter is my favorite Gurnemanz. His large, commanding, godlike sound is perfect for the role of the warrior-knight who keeps the traditions of the grail, and his third act is perhaps the best on disc. His qualities as a lieder singer allow the sensitivities of Wagner's complex text to emerge, and I would say that despite the fact that other Parsifals with him are better (1964, same theater, same conductor, but with Jon Vickers! as Parsifal), this recording captured him in the best conditions.

The Parsifal in this recording is Jess Thomas, who is perhaps the most youthful and beautiful heldentenor voice ever to take the part. I find that his intelligence in his interpretation, while nowhere near as grand as Vickers, is a merit to this recording. He has the most beautiful voice for the redeeming fool. He is partnered by the Kundry of Irene Dalis. My favorite Kundry is Gwyneth Jones, who in her prime recorded Parsifal with James King, Thomas Stewart, and Franz Crass, and if she were the Kundry in this recording, I would definitely throw heaps of money on this for being the best recording ever. Irene Dalis does a good job of Kundry nonetheless, and has the perfect balance of seduction and demonic ferocity to make the role credible.

Amfortas is sung by the aging George London, who in a few years, would forever lose his magnificent voice. Here, he repeats his marvelous performance from 1951, and while the voice is less than fresh, his interpretation has undoubtedly grown in depth and intensity. A reference Amfortas for any generation. The direction by Wieland Wagner is inspiring, and is perhaps the reason why this Parsifal is such a benchmark performance.

Parsifal is undoubtedly the most problematic of Wagner's works. Not in terms of performance demands, for the vocal parts are remarkably undemanding, certainly when compared to Tristan or the Ring, and the orchestral passages rarely rise to greater than mezzo-forte. The problem lies in decerning what Wagner really intended to say in this final work. Some see it as an expression of christian faith, others a glorification of celebacy and denigration of sexual love, and still others, such as Robert Gutmann, see in it the ultimate expression of Wagner's anti-Jewish feelings and the need for the Aryan Race to be regenerated through the blood of Christ. In all likelihood, all of these viewpoints have validity, as such a morally ambiguous work is like a Rorschach Inkblot Test, an ambiguous stimulus that can provoke any number of interpretations. There is indeed a dream-like quality to this work, in which Wagner amazingly anticipates, or perhaps initiates, musical impressionism.

This live performance from the 1962 Bayreuth Festival, led by Knappertsbusch, perfectly captures the misty, flickering, impressionistic light of the work. Kna, as is well known, was highly unpredictable in performance, at times sublime, at other times plodding and careless. This is one of his sublime moments, as great as his 1951 "Goetterdaemmerung." So great is his grasp of the music that there is not one passage that sounds like a longeur, but rather, that this drama moves by swiftly and with purpose at every point. Comparison with his 1951 version reveals swifter pacing in this performance, but as we all know, speed itself does not necessarily guarantee tautness. It is more a matter of maintaining tension, and Kna does this better than any other "Parsifal" conductor in this listener's experience. The cast is perfect at every point. Highilghts include Hotter's warm, committed Gurnemanz, sung with Lieder-like sensititivy and rock-steady tone; Neidlinger's commanding and frightening Klingsor (slso expressed with bitterness over his unjust rejection by the Grail Knights, one of the great moral ambiguities of the work); Thomas' gloriously-sung Parsifal (properly one-dimensional, as this character is really a "Tor" (fool), or more properly a "Trottel" (imbecile)); Dalis's tortured and yet seductive Kundry; and the tortured Amfortas of London, even more impressive than in the earlier Knappertsbusch recording. The chorus is the greatest in the world, and the Bayreuth Orchestra sounds like the equal of any orchestra, operatic or symphonic. The recorded sound is amazingly lifelike and shows why the Festspielhaus is the greatest opera house in the world. Once again, BAYREUTH RULES!

There is little that I can add to the "scholarly" reviews that are already posted other than my complete agreement that this is hands-down the finest recording of Parsifal available. It was my "first" Parsifal on LP back in the 80s, and I have yet to hear one that I think is finer (and I think I've listened to most of them). The digitizing process has only improved the sound, and the sound is pure Bayreuth. When I want the video experience I turn to the Levine/Met recording, but if all I want is the audio, this is the ONLY version that I will listen to. Whether you are a newcomer to this work (as I was 30 years ago), or a collector (as I now am), this recording is an absolute MUST for your library!