Tree of Codes is described as "a sculptural object" exploring "previously uncharted literary territory". It isn't and it doesn't. The idea of erasure has been used by other writers, most notably by the artist Tom Phillips in his 1970 'Humument', a glorious jewel of a book where the pages of a Victorian novel, 'The Human Document', are drawn upon and overpainted leaving only certain words visible, so creating an entirely new text. Foer achieves a similar result by die-cutting the pages and physically removing words from Bruno Schulz's wonderful 'Street of Crocodiles'. The effect of this may be novel (no pun intended), but it is far from satisfying. The pages are rendered so flimsy by the cutting process that the physical act of reading the book is made onerous. But the issue of usability is not its major flaw. There are several contemporary artists currently creating what is termed book sculpture. By cutting through pages they disclose what lies beneath, creating strange dioramas and oddly juxtaposed typography. This layering of text is what I had expected from Tree of Codes, but instead the cut-through pages merely serve to reveal half words and gibberish. The die-cutting is nothing more than a gimmick. The same result could have been achieved far more easily (and inexpensively) by using the method of redaction favoured by governments and Intelligence Agencies around the world - a black marker. The book is an interesting exercise, but it is by no means the first, or best, of its kind. It is, ultimately, a demonstration of quirkiness and a showcase for the printer's prowess.