Socialism has sure changed a lot since it was conceived as a political idea more than a hundred years ago. Utopian socialism is only a part of the what-ifs of intellectual history. Communism has been abandoned since 1991. Even though there is a solid movement of Neo-Marxists still around, orthodox Marxism has largely been discredited, while the new trends have yet to reach a consensus for political action. And Social Democracy has stopped being a strong political force since the rise of Neoliberalism.
In this context, Anthony Giddens, a popular British sociologist, tries to conceive a new set of principles for the new Socialist movement, what we now know as "Third Way Socialism". He begins by addressing the roots of Social Democracy and Neoliberalism (the Cold War), arguing that since the collapse of the USSR, the political challenges and the subjects to be addressed have significantly changed. Thus, a third way needs to be found between these two ideological traditions, which of course will be filled by the neo-revisionism of Socialism.
He then moves on to address what he calls the five dilemmas of the modern world, specifically, globalisation, individualism, the relevance of left vs. right politics, political agency and the environment. Other subject matters are discussed, such as civil society, the nation state, the EU, the relevance of welfare, family structures, and so on.
Reading this book, however, I started feeling that something is missing. But the answer after a while, became obvious. What is missing here, is the core of what Socialism (in its every previous form) has been about. And that is, a critique of capitalism. Socialism emerged as a movement in opposition to capitalism, and each socialist thinker, be it Marx, Engels, Lenin, Luxemburg, Bernstein or Callaghan, had in his/her view an alternative vision to the capitalist economic system that dominates us today. To strip this from the ideology, is to largely abandon what Socialism has been about. Thus to me, "Third Way Socialism" looks much less like Socialism, and much more like a revival and revision of modern (20th century) Liberalism.
In my opinion, this book will be forgotten. It reads like a mix between a casual discussion and a political manifesto, discussing subjects in the abstract, giving the reader a feeling that it is rich in vocabulary, but poor in essence.
I give this book 4 stars because it offers a simple explanation of the position of Third Way left-wing politics.