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The X in Sex: How the X Chromosome Controls Our Lives
 
 
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The X in Sex: How the X Chromosome Controls Our Lives [Paperback]

David Bainbridge

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More About the Author

David Bainbridge
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Review

The author of Making Babies takes a lively, witty tour of the X chromosome, creator of "a delicious symmetry between men and women"...Entertaining and informative...A fine demonstration of science made accessible. Kirkus Reviews 20021201 A well-written, well-researched, easy-to-read study that explains what has been learned about the X and Y chromosomes using DNA sequencing and other molecular biology techniques. British biologist Bainbridge...has pulled together historical and current scientific research about how the X and Y chromosomes affect us and what the genes on these chromosomes actually do, like causing sex-linked diseases and color blindness...An excellent example of good science writing...Recommended. -- Margaret Henderson Library Journal 20030315 Bainbridge is an essentialist, interested in understanding what aspects of gender are biologically driven, and why...He has a central question he wants to answer. The question is not so much why men and women are different (a worn topic that's the subject of too many Mars-and-Venus bestsellers) but, far more specific and far more interesting: Why are men and women more different than they need to be? -- Liza Mundy Washington Post 20030323 Bainbridge summarizes our knowledge of the genetic information that determines one's sex by recounting the ancients' speculations about the genesis of gender, following with modern biologists' discovery of the X and Y chromosomes about a century ago, and of the sex-determining gene Sry in the 1990s. In a discussion rich with history, evolution, and philosophy, Bainbridge points out the dramatic effect that gender selection has on people's lives...A fascinating, often humorous analysis of the science of sexuality. -- Gilbert Taylor Booklist 20030201 In The X in Sex, David Bainbridge explains the far-reaching effects of X. Bainbridge...moves with ease between straightforward accounts of biology and historical stories about its effect, like the chapter describing the progression of hemophilia through the royal houses of Europe. Bainbridge discusses cultural history as well as natural history, and his wit enlivens every page. -- Christine Kenneally New York Times Book Review 20030413 There are many literary stars (such as Stephen Jay Gould, Richard Dawkins and Matt Ridley) in the firmament of writers on evolution, and to a man they write with dash and persuasive logic. David Bainbridge is one such and in his latest book he takes the reader through the glories of the X chromosome at a cracking pace. -- Miriam Stoppard Times Higher Education Supplement (UK) 20030425 The truth is that the behaviours of [chromosomes] X and Y are inextricably linked. Bainbridge explores this link in a compelling tale that takes in how the sex chromosomes became sex chromosomes, and the very different consequences of this for women and men. Along the way we encounter the Duke of Kent's testicles, calico cats and non-identical identical twin girls. His story weaves science, history and the history of science (with a little religion for good measure) in a straightforward, anecdotal fashion that will appeal to scientists and non-scientists alike. -- Mark T. Ross New Scientist (UK) 20030628 In his structure/function analysis of the X chromosome, Bainbridge provides a tongue-in-cheek, yet informative, description of one of the two human sex chromosomes. -- R. Adler Choice 20030901 If you have ever been intrigued by some of the puzzles of genetics--why boys tend to get haemophilia or colour blindness while girls are more likely to have an identical twin or to develop rheumatoid arthritis later in life--then The X in Sex is for you. -- Chris Tyler-Smith Times Literary Supplement 20031024 This highly readable book tells the story of the X chromosome from Aristotle's musings on gender differences right through to a modern understanding of the genetics of the X chromosome. The author's engaging style makes modern genetics accessible both of the complete layperson and to those of us for whom preclinical genetics are a hazy memory In a chapter entitled "The Duke of Kent's Testicles", Bainbridge describes the unfortunate spread of haemophilia (sic) through19th century European Royal families to illustrate the inheritance of sex-linked disorders. From a disastrous random mutation in a sperm in one of the Duke's testicles to the Russian Revolution, the history is irreverent but the genetic implications are well illustrated This slim book is a good read, amusing yet informative and authoritative. -- Alex Connan Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Heath Care David Bainbridge's The X in Sex prove[s] that popular books on human genetics--indeed on human sex chromosomes--need not trade in sociobiological excess...He spends much of his time on 'sex-linked' conditions that affect men more than women; these range from annoyances like baldness to devastating diseases like muscular dystrophy. Bainbridge also devotes many fascinating pages to complex ailments like autoimmune disease that, for reasons which remain unclear, disproportionately afflict women...But Bainbridge's chief concern is with the biology of human sex determination and with the many ways in which it can, and does, go wrong. In the end, his message is that while human beings obviously come in two predominant sexes, both cultural and biological forces give rise to a surprisingly 'continuous spectrum of gender.' -- H. Allen Orr New York Review of Books 20050512

Financial Times Magazine 26 July 2003

...charming and informative book... --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

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Amazon.com:  8 reviews
13 of 14 people found the following review helpful
The Strange Tale of The X Chromosome 14 Jun 2003
By Robert Derenthal - Published on Amazon.com
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
I love to read science books because they continually amaze me with the hidden worlds that they reveal. This book is no exception. Author Bainbridge has written a slim book of 181 pages, that tells us the marvels, eccentricities, and terrors hidden away in the X chromosome. It always amuses me when people extol the human body as the epitome of creation excellence. When you look deeply into our physical engineering, though, you usually start wondering if perhaps we were designed by a fractious committee.

It is the male Y chromosome, and specifically the "Sry" gene on that chromosome, that actively sets out to make any cell blob containing it to turn into a male. But the Y chromosome is really just a dried up fossil of a gene that serves no other purpose than determining sex. It is the X that has many functions.

The book answers many questions. Why are diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hemophilia mostly limited to males? Why are male identical twins really identical, while female identical twins are not totally identical? Why are approximately 50% of female body cell X chromosomes different from the other 50% while in a male the cells are all alike? Why are women the main sufferers from autoimmune diseases? What happens when a woman is born with only one sex chromosome, a single X? Why is it that color blindness affects mostly men, and why is color blindness almost inevitably red-green, and almost never blue-yellow?

We also learn that many other mammals live and reproduce perfectly well with no Y chromosomes. Armadillos generally give birth to identical quadruplets. And on and on goes Mr. Bainbridge with the facts about the unusual X chromosome that is an astounding two inches long yet is able to intricately fold itself to fit into every tiny body cell.

This is a very accessible book that should educate and, indeed, entertain anyone who picks it up.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful
an e-X-cellent book 20 May 2003
By A. Hoy - Published on Amazon.com
Format:Hardcover
Let me start out by saying "I apologize for the title. It's a dirty job, and somebody had to do it." Second I'd like to note that I'd rather give this book a 4.5, but it errs much more towards the 5 end of the spectrum than the 4, so I will be generous and round up.

This book is extremely interesting, even exciting, and I read it in two sittings. It's peppered throughout with dry British humor (you have to be a fan of British humorists to notice it most of the time, I think), and very entertaining as well as edifying. This book is a joy to read because it is well-written 97% of the time. For the other 3%, the author lost me by referring to something that was (probably) in the book prior to that point, but I didn't recall it and he neglected to put a little parenthetical reminder as to what it was exactly. And sometimes the flow seems a tiny bit scattered. This is why it would be a 4.5 star book, and not a flat-out 5, if I had that choice. However, they are extremely minor quibbles, and I only mention them at all because otherwise the book is so wonderful. (I would also LOVE more information, but I can't fault the author for not including more -- the length is just right for a trade science book.)

David Bainbridge's premise is that the X chromosome is wildly underestimated, or perhaps underrated, and that some people may even go so far as to use the fact that the (stunted) Y chromosome is more 'powerful' -- presumably because its mere presence creates a boy fetus instead of a female (most of the time), even when multiple Xes "gang up" on it -- to further a sexist agenda. Mr. Bainbridge went so far as to argue that the X is a much more powerful chromosome, and that people should wonder how women cope with two of them instead of assuming that they are so weak that women feel no ill effects. (In fact, there are mechanisms in the human body to protect a woman from "an overdose of X".) While I was skeptical of this premise, Mr. Bainbridge certainly argued a good case, and I learned all sorts of fascinating things that they don't teach in high school biology.

All in all? Fascinating. Even if you didn't like biology in school (or maybe especially if that's the case), check out this book. It's the kind of science book you'll take with you for a long soak in a hot tub.

3 of 4 people found the following review helpful
The Strange Tale of The X Chromosome 14 Jun 2003
By Robert Derenthal - Published on Amazon.com
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
I love to read science books because they continually amaze me with the hidden worlds that they reveal. This book is no exception. Author Bainbridge has written a slim book of 181 pages, that tells us the marvels, eccentricities, and terrors hidden away in the X chromosome. It always amuses me when people extol the human body as the epitome of creation excellence. When you look deeply into our physical engineering, though, you usually start wondering if perhaps we were designed by a fractious committee.

It is the male Y chromosome, and specifically the "Sry" gene on that chromosome, that actively sets out to make any cell blob containing it to turn into a male. But the Y chromosome is really just a dried up fossil of a gene that serves no other purpose than determining sex. It is the X that has many functions.

The book answers many questions. Why are diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hemophilia mostly limited to males? Why are male identical twins really identical, while female identical twins are not totally identical? Why are approximately 50% of female body cell X chromosomes different from the other 50% while in a male the cells are all alike? Why are women the main sufferers from autoimmune diseases? What happens when a woman is born with only one sex chromosome, a single X? Why is it that color blindness affects mostly men, and why is color blindness almost inevitably red-green, and almost never blue-yellow?

We also learn that many other mammals live and reproduce perfectly well with no Y chromosomes. Armadillos generally give birth to identical quadruplets. And on and on goes Mr. Bainbridge with the facts about the unusual X chromosome that is an astounding two inches long yet is able to intricately fold itself to fit into every tiny body cell.

This is a very accessible book that should educate and, indeed, entertain anyone who picks it up.


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