A while ago I read Blanning's
The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648-1815 (Penguin History of Europe) and was completely bowled over by the learning and originality, all of it delivered in a seemingly effortless style and manner. This book, though on a completely different subject matter, is certainly no less an achievement. In the short span of just 186 pages (not counting the notes, list for further reading and index) Blanning masterly summarizes this most fascinating of subjects: Romanticism.
In the introduction Blanning argues that, besides the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, the Romantic Revolution was as (if not more) important, and just as radical and far-reaching. He then sets out to prove his point in a very logical framework. Chapter I ('the crisis of the age of reason') deals with the beginnings of romanticism, the radical shift it caused from a mimetic to an expressive aesthetic, how it led to the cult of the artist genius (which is still very much alive today), and these same artists' dual relation with their public.
In chapter II ('the dark side of the moon') he covers the romantics' fascination with all aspects of the human experience so alien to the Enlightenment: dreams and nightmares, madness, the 'wonder-world of the night'. In chapter III ('language, history and myth') he turns his attention to how romanticism sparked a renewed interest in (national) history, folk tales and folk lore, and how each nation searched (and found, if necessary using forgeries) their own 'golden age, often set in medieval times. Finally, in the conclusion Blanning demonstrates how romanticism never really died (although with the advent of Realism such seemed the case) but re-emerged, transfigured, in e.g. symbolism and even post-modernism (which, just as romanticism, 'squarely belongs with the culture of feeling').
Add to this that Blanning's text abounds with a whole host of examples and quotes, ranges across all arts and most of Europe (though concentrating on England, France and Germany), is written in crystal-clear language, and the end result is the definitive introduction to Romanticism. This is certainly not the largest, most detailed survey of Romanticism, but as an introduction to the subject I find it very hard to imagine how this book could be bettered.