Ronald Hutton's second book in his 'series' on faith and belief through the ages in the British Isles is probably the one which is least read. this is a pity, for in many ways it is the most important book for understanding all that came afterwards. His period of study is the crucial period of the 'waning of the middle ages' and the birth of the early modern state - from the mid-15th century to the mid-18th century. In his study it becomes clear that the high middle ages is separated from us by a unbridgeable chasm -- that of the Reformation. And what is perhaps surprising is that it was not so much under Henry VIII that the break really took place, but under those who held power under his son, Edward VI. Even the restoration of Catholicism under Mary Tudor could not restore much of what had been lost. A restoration that in the case of Mary was cut short by her own death and her sister, Elizabeth's ,succession -- which confirmed the Protestant ascendancy in England. All of this Hutton explains and documents with reference to the changing nature of church practices and festivals. Reading his work, one is struck again and again by the profound sense of cultural loss. England, in the view of the a Protestant Englishman of, say 1580, may have been a 'godlier' place than it had been a hundred years earlier, but it seems to have been in many ways a culturally poorer place.