The other two reviewers have summed up the structure of the book and the contents very well. However, my Book Club has just read this, and I was the only person who really liked it. So this is not a book to everyone's taste. Firstly, the cast is huge - over 100 characters - and not all of them spring to life as they should. Second, although there is a timeline through the book, the absence of plot proved a hurdle. The episodes with the Boy occur only occasionally, and they are, with the exception of the last, the description of his circumcision, short. Not much of a thread.
I found this disconcerting for the first 50 pages, and then I relaxed into it, decided to take each episode as it came, as a folk tale, and in my mind's eye I saw it as a vast quilt, a bit like the AIDS quilt, where each panel had its own composition and meaning. In this frame of mind, it became an object of beauty. It needs to be said that this is a VERY funny book in parts, particularly when people do something stupid for the best of motives. Like, when a famous singer is visiting, the town decides to acquire a piano for him. And because it's an old piano, they have to paint it up nice and new, in white car paint, including the black keys. The best of the characters are lustily comic, almost Dickensian: such as Mefody-Jurisprudence, who learnt all the Soviet Penal Code - including commentaries - by heart while in a Gulag, but now can only remember it after three bottles of vodka. He has a friend who after an argument always pees on his bald head - and, wonder of wonders, all that potassium makes his hair grow again. It's also a very violent and painful book. People are exiled at whim, there is a large amount of mutilation and rape, especially rape of young people. It's all described with a sad resignation, as if this is just what life has to offer in Gilas.
I realised that the book had gained a powerful hold on me by the end, when all the main characters turn up to celebrate the circumcision. I felt like I was meeting old friends again.
Reading this book you will learn a huge amount about the culture, history and mindset of this part of the world - its tribulations, vibrancy, multi-ethnic diversity. (Germans and Koreans in mid-Asia? Seems so.) Also its barbarism, and its compassion. But this book shouldn't be read as a Rough Guide to Uzbekistan, it is real, solid liteerature, and in a first-class translation.