At the beginning of the 19th Century, says Frank Kryza, Europeans knew little about the interior of Africa. "It was easier to map the surface of the Moon with a telescope", he notes. Africa's reputation as the "Dark Continent" arose from that ignorance. Illumination was long in coming and a costly endeavour. Kryza, although focussing on A. Gordon Laing's expedition to find Timbuktu, also covers the efforts of his British competitors. The focus point was the fabled city of Timbuktu. Known from antiquity, Timbuktu was considered the key to knowledge of the course of the Niger River. Further exploration and trade benefits would accrue to the European nation that could establish facilities there. Kryza's lively account of the competition to reach the city is an informative and almost thrilling read.
The Niger was nearly as mysterious a river as the Nile. In the early 1820s, the source of the Nile remained unknown, and it was believed by some that it might be the Niger. Those who had seen the Niger flowing eastward across Africa could readily accept that. Laing didn't concur with that suggestion, but it would take effort to learn the truth. The rewards for success were great and Laing wasn't alone in his drive to reach the isolated city. The loss of earlier explorers such as Mungo Park didn't discourage other adventurers from queueing for the prize. Two primary routes lay open to the seekers - wending eastward from the Atlantic, or make the Sahara crossing from Tripoli. The first offered fevers, the second dehydration and death from thirst. Laing chose the Sahara route.
That choice meant escorts would be needed for protection in the crossing. The Sahara may be harsh and intimidating to outsiders, but it's the Tuareg's backyard. All travellers there risked banditry or murder. The bones of the unfortunate littered the trail south, so Laing's caravan followed an indirect route, doubling the length of the trek. The length of Laing's journey allows Kryza to insert a great deal of parallel information. Laing was not alone in his quest to find Timbuktu and learn where the Niger emerged. Hugh Clapperton, with one journey to his credit, intended to upstage Laing in reaching the "Golden City". At one point he even passed some rather condescending advice to Laing, perhaps misjudging the other's perception. Where Laing's journey was over the arid desert, Clapperton followed a jungle trail [when there was one] with its attendant insects and fevers. Kryza keeps the two stories moving along with animation, and if you don't know the history, he keeps the end of the contest well hidden until its culmination. Rarely has the British ideal of "muddle through" been more vividly displayed.
Kryza keeps a number of interesting sub-themes active in his account. Laing's mysterious marriage to the daughter of the British Consul in Tripoli is regularly referred to. Its importance is highlighted by the burgeoning competition between England and France in expanding colonial efforts in Africa. Indeed, Laing's own travel journals become the centre of a post-expedition conspiracy. In all, between the issues of national aspirations, international intrigue, personal relationships and individual heroism, Kryza has produced a capitivating read on a topic of major interest.