Richard Tarnas has written an amazingly lucid, comprehensive and analytic account of the development of the way in which thinking in the West has evolved over millennia.
Tarnas identifies brilliantly the bifurcations and break-points in the thinking processes and the ideas espoused by the Western Mind. This text is not a cook-book, rather it is an educational privilege to read Tarnas thinking and analysis.
The fundamental tension running through the text is between mans independence from the world (his dreams, hopes and fears) and his dependence on a physical universe that is indifferent to him (his needs for physical well being: food, warmth, community).
An example of this tension is where the 'reason v faith' dichotomy is reassessed by the Romantics in the nineteenth century:
"The early modern dichotomy between secular science and the Christian religion, now became a more general schism between scientific rationalism on the one hand and the multifaceted Romantic humanistic culture on the other, with the latter now including a diversity of religious and philosophical perspectives loosely allied with the literary and artistic tradition."
In this way modern man has an "inner culture" of art, literature and religion while at the same time having an "outer culture" of nature, the cosmos and the limits of what it is possible to know.
Everywhere man finds himself free, but bounded, in a new set of double truths: inner-outer, subject-object, man-world, humanities-science. In short man became divided within and without. As Tarnas says "Modern man was a divided animal, inexplicably self-aware in an indifferent universe."
And so man has become trapped in a world of his own ideas and making. Tarnas says: `The crisis of modern man is an essentially masculine crisis.' It is at this point he suggests a surprising way forward. He points away from the masculine, and towards the feminine.
He suggests `the greatest passion of the western mind has been to reunite with the ground of its own being.' In short to come to terms with the great feminine principal in life which preserves human autonomy, while also transcending human alienation.
Tarnas ends with an intriguing question: "... why has the pervasive masculinity of the Western intellectual and spiritual tradition suddenly become so apparent to us today, while it remained so invisible to almost every previous generation?" His answer follows Hegel "... a civilization cannot become conscious of itself, cannot recognise its own significance, until it is so mature that it is approaching its own death."
And so is this the point of nuclear power, mutually assured destruction, global warming, AIDS, greed, avarice and the pernicious influence of globalization? That we are becoming aware of our death and are becoming ready to `reunite with the ground of our being.'
Perhaps there is a deeper meaning to the story about the Tree of Life and The Tree of Knowledge.
Tarnas' book is a fruitful educative source of learning and education. Well done Richard - five stars are yours.