House of the Dead is an account of the ten years that the narrator, Alexandr Petrovitch, spent in a Siberian prison but is clearly inspired by the four years that Dostoyevsky himself passed in Katorga prison. An excellently balanced novel, it focuses on the things that were revelations to Alexandr, concentrating on his first year in incarceration rather than giving a blow by blow, chronological account. This works well because it means that the pace of the work is quite steady and we are constantly being introduced to new ideas and feelings.
The work centres on a number of key concepts:
1) The relationship between the convicts and the factions that they immediately divide themselves into.
2) The idea that those unaccustomed to hardship will, innately, find prison life more difficult and that it can be, therefore, a disproportionate punnishment.
3) The barbarising effect of power on some of those in authority.
4) The level of degredation imposed on the prisoners and whether it is just.
In all of Dostoyevsky's works, the details are brilliantly sketched but this is especially true of House of the Dead due to the author's first hand experience of the nightmare of life in Siberia. It is not my favourite of his books, due in the most part to the quality of others such as The Brothers Karamazov and Crime and Punnishment, but the writing simply cannot be criticised and leaves one attached to the characters involved.