Being a Surgeon myself, I read this short story with great amusement. Professor Preobrazhensky, apparently altruistically, takes from off the streets, a wretched and scalded mongrel dog, named 'Sharik'.
Sharik, having started off the book, with his perambulations around Moscow; makes it clear to us, that he already has a degree of consciousness.
The Professor, a respectable world acclaimed Surgeon/ Scientist lives in some comfort in a seven roomed apartment in Moscow doubling as a consulting room and operating theatre. Here Sharik is revived and rapidly improves his physical condition.
As Sharik is beginning to trust, and feel an intense loyalty to the Professor, the situation changes dramatically. Chloroformed and manhandled, poor Sharik has the testicles and pituitary gland of a recently deceased man implanted into his 'person'.
Expecting post operative death soon after this ground breaking operation, the plucky Mongrel comes to the brink and then appears to recover with hilarious consequences.
This is where the book really takes off. After 8 days post op, the dog is heard pronouncing the word 'nessetaciled' or 'delicatessen' (backwards), soon after he stands on his hind legs, and soon after this, is heard calling the Professor a 'bloody bastard'.
Without spoiling the story further, this appalling creature with diabolical instincts starts to attempt to dominate the household, using the muscle of the local housing committee in the apartment block to disenfrachise the Professor.
By the end of the story, the Dog is a jumped up loathsome parody of the kind of career scoundrels, who literally dragged off the streets of early Soviet society, bullied and forced their way to power at the expense of the classes typified by the Professor using all the 'Organs' of power at their disposal.
Bear in mind,this book like many other classics was published only in the 80's. Yet interestingly, Bulgakov as a contemporary of Stalin was well regarded by the Dictator, and was never exiled. His criticisms are quite transparent of the system that allowed people no better than dogs in behaviour to bully their way to the top of this brave new society.
As a footnote, this story does make one more cautious on the streets as a dog and owner pass-by, making you wonder who is walking who...