The storied early caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty are not so much the subjects of this book as its frame of reference. This is a fine introduction to a much-heralded period of Islamic history. During Abbasid times, from the eighth century to the 13th, Baghdad was the focal point of a great civilization that encompassed the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Culture, rather than politics, is our concern in this work, as the author seeks to demonstrate that Islamic civilization is not alien to western (i.e., Greco-Roman) civilization, but is rather its logical extension.
Under the Abbasids, the scientific and philosophical legacy of the Greeks and Romans was not simply preserved but was amplified and extended. Scientists and translators of every description - Muslim, Christian, Jewish, Sabian, Zoroastrian - absorbed the great works of Mediterranean thought and science and took them to the next level. In fact, Abbasid civilization experienced a "Scientific Renaissance" as important as the one Europe underwent centuries later.
Bennison uses a wide-angle lens to encompass the full picture. She includes simultaneous cultural advances in Islamic Spain and Fatimid Egypt, for instance, since these lands were in constant interaction with the central civilization of Baghdad.
The Abbasid world is characterized as essentially a Mediterranean society, "stretching the length of the old Roman empire and beyond." It was a strikingly mobile world in many ways, with pilgrims setting out from its far reaches to make the once-in-a-lifetime journey to Makkah and Madinah, with traders seeking commerce in distant lands, and adventuresome travelers crossing vast stretches of desert and sea simply to learn about the unknown. The famous hadith attributed to the Prophet Muhammad, "Seek knowledge even unto China," reflects an attitude, the author points out, as much as historical fact.
The quest for knowledge was a key characteristic of the early Abbasid world, and politicians, scholars and scientists alike shouldered their responsibilities well. One might even say the classical Greeks would have been proud of them.
[A version of this review appeared in Saudi Aramco World, Mar/Apr 2010.]