Capitalism may have been wounded by recent events but it is hard to forget that capitalists in 19th century undoubtedly laid the path for America to emerge as the world's largest economy. Among that bunch of hard-nosed, ruthless, money driven businessmen was Cornelius Vanderbilt. At the time of death in 1877, he left behind a fortune of $100 million which equates to $143 billion in 2007 money terms according to research by the New York Times. This brilliant, unbiased and honest book by T.J. Stiles brings us the story of Vanderbilt's life.
Two salient points make the book very engaging. First point is the depth of T.J. Stiles' research while the second is the brilliant way in which he has described the saga. He does not offer the reader a dove-eyed account of the subject's life or some awestruck narrative of wealth generation or accumulation by an individual. Instead, this book crucially addresses Vanderbilt's bequest to American capitalism as a whole.
The subject is a difficult one. Capitalists would laud him, but Keynesians would hate him. Disciples of Adam Smith would opine Vanderbilt was the ultimate believer in market forces. Yet at the same time, his railroad and steamboat businesses often used muscle and money to constrict competition whenever and wherever they could.
His youth was spent manning his "budget" (often illegal) steamboat in to Manhattan before moving to starting a shipping business to serve the Gold Rush. A foray into railways followed in 1862, a business which burgeoned into the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad by 1869, earning him the sobriquet of "Commodore".
The Commodore, according to Stiles' account, was not one to be trifled with. He crushed his enemies and those who cheated him with an iron hand and a sort of ruthlessness befitting a motion picture schemer. In that day and age, at the peak of his business prowess, it is no exaggeration to say that everyone travelling between New York and Boston used either his trains or steamboats. A Wall Street crash came in 1873 but Vanderbilt still prospered.
While Vanderbilt University (Nashville, Tennessee) still carries his name following a $1 million grant by him prior to his death, the Commodore's real legacy lay elsewhere. By virtue of tenacity or ruthlessness, by hook or by crook, by stomping on throats of rivals or shaking hands with others, he put together America's first Mega Corporation.
Modus operandi and ethics of American Megacorps were to change in later years, but it all began under the Commodore's "not-so-very" benign and profit-driven watch. The author has brilliantly chronicled the man, his mission and legacy. This book is a good read for a general audience. Additionally those interested in Economics, American industrial and social history or capitalism would enjoy it even more.