Using family letters, documents and contemporary accounts, Margot Mifflin uncovers previously unknown aspects of one of the best known Indian Captivity stories -that of Olive Oatman, the woman whose chin bore the "blue tattoo." On her return to white culture as a "redeemed captive," Olive's tattoo served as a question mark to the shocked and sympathetic audiences who heard her lecture on her experiences - asking the question no respectable person of the time dare voice, what did the savages really do to her?
The horrific massacre of her Morman pioneer family by Yavapai Indians in 1851 began thirteen year old Olive's six-year adventure (or ordeal, as the legend would later have it). She and her sister, at first slaves of the cruel Yavapai, were purchased a year later by the much gentler, now little-known, Mohave people. In a secret valley of the Colorado River, the "American Nile" (the yearly fertile flooding ended with the construction of Hoover Dam), the girls entered an ancient Utopian culture, perhaps unique among American Indians.
The Mohaves lived a near-vegetarian, near-nudist, sexually promiscuous life, and the girls participated in every aspect of the culture -- so much so that the hardboiled cavalry officer sent to "rescue" Olive, and who spoke enough Mohave to understand her nickname (which indicated an exaggerated interest in sex.) changed her name in the Army's paperwork. Olive's tattoo, which was to identify her as Mohave in the afterlife, shows that she became a full member of the tribe, in spite of later revisions to her story.
Olive's adventures didn't end with her return to white culture. She became a successful author and lecturer under the influence of a preacher-with-an-agenda who practiced a sort of ventriloquism, revising Olive's experience as a "captive" while using her to deliver his own message of racial hate and misogyny.
Margot Mifflin, who has a special interest in women and tattooing, is also the author of Bodies of Subversion: A Secret History of Women and Tattoo. Here she examines the effect of Olive's tattoos -- as well as five-plus years of nudity and sexual freedom-- on Olive's body-image and sense of self, and how shaping and retelling her story allowed her to move into polite society. Mifflin's portrayal of Mohave culture and Olive's life within the tribe was the highlight of the story for this reader, but the entire book was a can't-put-it-down kind of read.
Michael Houghton
Ben Franklin Bookshop