Of the countless accounts of Marxism out there, this is arguably one with particular resonance today. Rees places his critique in the context of the failure of some of the most influential trends in socialist theory and practice (from Kautsky to Althusser), culminating in the post-war retreat of Marxist theory in the face of postmodernist conservatism.
Rees attempt to demonstrate that this failure as not a failure of Marx's theory, but rather the failure of many on the Left to understand it, particularly to understand it in the context of the dialectical method. In a way this is reminiscent of Lenin's critique - where he claimed that '...without having thoroughly studied and understood the whole of Hegels Logic...none of the Marxists have understood Marx.'
In short; Rees summarises Hegel's philosophy, Marx's critique of it and the development of material dialectic, how Marxists have subsequently interpreted it and the significance of those interpretations to both theory and practice.
Although this may sound heavy going for the uninitiated, it is however very assessable, and addresses some of the basic questions we might ask - what am I? How do I change? How am I related to the world outside me? why is the world the way it is? can I change the world? if so, how? At the heart of Marx's philosophy is an attempt to answer these questions and others, and a critical aspect to understanding this philosophy is the dialectic - and this is the core of Rees's book. In the very simplest form - contradiction and change i.e. you are both individual and part of humanity, nature shapes you but you also shape nature, it's a world of immense wealth but also extreme poverty, economic stability is countered by unpredictable crisis, it's a world where one stealth bomber is worth 3 times it's own weight in gold but a human life is often worthless. why these contradiction? Why do things suddenly change?
When we consider (as Rees does) postmodernism and the likes of Baudrillards (extreme perhaps, but illustrates the 'logic' of) scepticism, leading to a claim that the gulf war of 1991 didn't take place. And when such idealism offer little or no hope of explaining or creating a better world but rather add to its woes - It would seem, more than ever, that a coherent defence of Marxism and its method is required. Rees makes a invaluable contribution to this task, in a lucid defence of the revolutionary tradition that at its heart has Marx's dialectical method.
Critically, Rees puts forward; not a dogmatic ideology, but rather a vision of how Marx's methods are only really understood and verified through our understanding of their application in history and through their continual application here and now in the real world, both in theory and practice, the ultimate proof being the resolution of real contradictions i.e. where there is enough food for everyone, no one starves. Where humans have the means to create great wealth, its shared by everyone. And where the fundamental will is a will to life, we make hospitals and not bombs.