A boy makes first contact with the spiderlike beings on the planet his people have colonized, beings his people have killed as 'nonsentient' for years. He has a blind little sister. I recall he plays a musical instrument, and music is a lovely subtheme as well. Their culture is somewhat unique in that they live like the people of Venice, mostly boating from place to place.
Also try the short-story anthology Asimov's Mutants (Dragon Books) by Asimov, Greenberg, and Waugh, about unusual children (and one racehorse).
The Lake at the End of the World (Knight Books) by Caroline MacDonald, an Australian author. A post-apocalyptic story told alternately by a teen boy and girl who meet when the boy leaves his underground home.
Invitation to the Game AKA The Game in the newer 2010 release, by Monica Hughes. (I don't know if it's been edited/simplified in other ways-you might want to get an older copy.) A dystopian future where you finish school and wait to see if you're chosen for a job. Few get one. We follow a group of recent graduates who are sent to living quarters in a big abandoned factory-type building and must learn to scavenge what their rations don't cover. They are offered the chance to go to another world full of grass, trees and animals, via virtual reality goggles, but is it really just a virtual world? And for what purpose?
I'd definitely appreciate any suggestions as to further reading in the vein, especially non-American authors, since their works would have been less likely to have been published in America and thus would stand less chance of my already having read them! ^_^