Three of the tales here are now recognised as classics.Bartleby the Scrivener is a long short story, while Benito Cereno and Billy Budd are nearer to novellas, all three are breathtaking in their scope; the other stories are more ephemeral, and of more limited interest.Bartleby is a story of urban alienation and effectively provides a case study of a man irretrievably crushed by the inexorable demands of nineteenth century capitalism, through the eyes of his ineffectual but well meaning employer. In Benito Cereno, the eponymous Spanish captain has to keep up the appearance of being in charge of his ship whereas he has actually been deposed by a slave mutiny. Billy Budd is the innocent victim of presecution by a sadistic naval officer.
The power of Melville's imagery is striking; in Benito Cereno, there is the nightmare vision of the skeleton of the slave owner which has been put in place of the ship's figurehead by the mutineers, in Billy Budd, the visual and metaphorical analogy of Billy's execution with Christ's crucification.
In each story, Melville considers grand themes; individual will,the nature of and abuse of power between men and the plight of the individual in a hostile and godless world. Whilst he was almost completely unrecognised by the reading public in his own time, since the 1920s, Melville has been considered one of the greatest of all American authors, precocious in his consideration of the disabling effects of racism and the horrors of slavery and in identifying the eroticism of power. This posthumous acclaim initially resulted from the rediscovery of his greatest work, Moby Dick, but subsequently has been extended to include the three stories reviewed here.