Python Algorithms
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Product Description
Product Description
Python Algorithms explains the Python approach to algorithm analysis and design. Written by Magnus Lie Hetland, author of Beginning Python, this book is sharply focused on classical algorithms, but it also gives a solid understanding of fundamental algorithmic problem-solving techniques.
- The book deals with some of the most important and challenging areas of programming and computer science, but in a highly pedagogic and readable manner.
- The book covers both algorithmic theory and programming practice, demonstrating how theory is reflected in real Python programs.
- Well-known algorithms and data structures that are built into the Python language are explained, and the user is shown how to implement and evaluate others himself.
What you’ll learn
- Transform new problems to well-known algorithmic problems with efficient solutions, or show that the problems belong to classes of problems thought not to be efficiently solvable.
- Analyze algorithms and Python programs both using mathematical tools and basic experiments and benchmarks.
- Prove correctness, optimality, or bounds on approximation error for Python programs and their underlying algorithms.
- Understand several classical algorithms and data structures in depth, and be able to implement these efficiently in Python.
- Design and implement new algorithms for new problems, using time-tested design principles and techniques.
- Speed up implementations, using a plethora of tools for high-performance computing in Python.
Who this book is for
The book is intended for Python programmers who need to learn about algorithmic problem-solving, or who need a refresher. Students of computer science, or similar programming-related topics, such as bioinformatics, may also find the book to be quite useful.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- The Basics
- Counting 101
- Induction and Recursion ... and Reduction
- Traversal: The Skeleton Key of Algorithmics
- Divide, Combine, and Conquer
- Greed Is Good? Prove It!
- Tangled Dependencies and Memoization
- From A to B with Edsger and Friends
- Matchings, Cuts, and Flows
- Hard Problems and (Limited) Sloppiness
About the Author
Magnus Lie Hetland is an associate professor of algorithms at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU. Even though he loves learning new programming languages-even quite obscure ones-Magnus has been a devoted Python fan and an active member of the Python community for many years, and is the author of the popular online tutorials "Instant Python" and "Instant Hacking" His has written publications including Practical Python and Beginning Python, as well as several scientific papers. When he isn't busy staring at a computer screen, he may be found reading (even while bicycling) acting (in a local theater group) or gaming (mostly role-playing games)
Inside This Book
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Amazon.com:
9 reviews
24 of 25 people found the following review helpful
Very good explanation of basic algorithms
13 Dec 2010
Format:Paperback|Amazon Verified Purchase
Pros:
- Very clear explanation of a complex subject.
- Each chapter builds upon the previous chapters so that this is more like a class than a reference manual.
- More approachable that the Sedgewick and Cormen.
Cons:
- The almost constant parenthetical phrases distract from the text and quickly become irritating. After page 20 I just skipped them and found that I understood the concepts more quickly.
- The use of single letter variables in the code examples makes it more difficult to understand the structure of a new concept. When there are several of them, it can become confusing. (See page 207.) Why not just use descriptive variable names?
There are sections that make note of how to implement certain algorithms using Python specific features, and this is very helpful, but this is first and foremost a book on algorithmic theory that happens to use Python for code examples.
- Very clear explanation of a complex subject.
- Each chapter builds upon the previous chapters so that this is more like a class than a reference manual.
- More approachable that the Sedgewick and Cormen.
Cons:
- The almost constant parenthetical phrases distract from the text and quickly become irritating. After page 20 I just skipped them and found that I understood the concepts more quickly.
- The use of single letter variables in the code examples makes it more difficult to understand the structure of a new concept. When there are several of them, it can become confusing. (See page 207.) Why not just use descriptive variable names?
There are sections that make note of how to implement certain algorithms using Python specific features, and this is very helpful, but this is first and foremost a book on algorithmic theory that happens to use Python for code examples.
10 of 12 people found the following review helpful
It's okay but too chatty.
24 Mar 2011
Format:Paperback
This book presents a quite broad range of fundamental computer science
algorithms, with all illustrative code written in Python. There is a
strong emphasis on graph algorithms, perhaps reflecting a predilection
of the author. Since I like graphs too I cannot complain about that.
Beyond the actual implementations, the book aims for extra Python
relevance by including asides on Python internals (CPython, to be
precise). I was pleasantly surprised by the ones included, as they go
beyond the trivial. Given the prevalence of graph algorithms heaps (or
priority queues) had to play a central role, and the aside on Python's
heapq module is perhaps the most important of them. I wish there were
more of the Pythonic asides, though.
Even so, the book makes clear how Python's carefully balanced design
enables beautiful, concise implementations. There is almost no low
level busy-work code, the algorithms practically read themselves. And
they are commented too just in case you find a piece difficult to
understand.
There's more to algorithms then the implementations, though: one has to
address correctness proofs and efficiency properties. The book
certainly doesn't neglect these, but if there's one clear downside (for
this reader) it is this: too much English, too few symbols. The author
goes to great lengths to use informal language instead of "math" when
discussing correctness and efficiency, and in the end I think he
overdoes it. Here's an example from Chapter 7, on greedy algorithms,
discussing the scheduling problem with hard deadlines, discrete time
and tasks of equal length:
"The last question then becomes, does S' have the same profit as S?
And indeed it does, because the T' cannot have a greater profit than T!
We can prove this by contradiction, based on our greed: if T' has a
greater profit, we would have considered it before T, necessarily
scheduling it somewhere else. (It would have been scheduled, because
there was at least one free slot before its deadline.) But we assumed
that we could extend P to S, and if it has a task in a different
position, we have a contradiction."
Perhaps it's just me (I have a math background) but if I were writing
code to run a nuclear power station I would not be comfortable with
proofs in this style.
I also think this might be a consequence of a more general attribute of
the book, namely its tendency to banter. Phrases like "Cool, no?" or
"This might hurt your brain" are numerous to the point of distracting -
again, for this reader, perhaps not so much for someone younger or with
a different background.
There are many exercises, with hints for solutions in an appendix. Each
chapter ends with an "If You're Curious" section which points you to the
relevant reference items in the bibliography and to some topics related
to, but deeper than, those discussed in the chapter. Some parts of the
text are set in a slightly larger and bolder font, with white titles on
black background. The purpose of this typographic device is not clear.
Maybe they are intended as general asides, but in some cases there are
back references to them later in the main text. In a technical book
this kind of thing is usually explained in the introduction, but not
here. Finally, as a fan I greatly appreciated the xkcd comic strips
included when relevant.
All in all, the book does a large part of what I expected of it. I
would recommend it most of all to someone already familiar with most of
the algorithms but not very familiar with Python, as a very good example
of Python's power. It can also work as a general introduction to the
algorithms, just be prepared to reach for the references in some cases
to clarify and expand your view.
algorithms, with all illustrative code written in Python. There is a
strong emphasis on graph algorithms, perhaps reflecting a predilection
of the author. Since I like graphs too I cannot complain about that.
Beyond the actual implementations, the book aims for extra Python
relevance by including asides on Python internals (CPython, to be
precise). I was pleasantly surprised by the ones included, as they go
beyond the trivial. Given the prevalence of graph algorithms heaps (or
priority queues) had to play a central role, and the aside on Python's
heapq module is perhaps the most important of them. I wish there were
more of the Pythonic asides, though.
Even so, the book makes clear how Python's carefully balanced design
enables beautiful, concise implementations. There is almost no low
level busy-work code, the algorithms practically read themselves. And
they are commented too just in case you find a piece difficult to
understand.
There's more to algorithms then the implementations, though: one has to
address correctness proofs and efficiency properties. The book
certainly doesn't neglect these, but if there's one clear downside (for
this reader) it is this: too much English, too few symbols. The author
goes to great lengths to use informal language instead of "math" when
discussing correctness and efficiency, and in the end I think he
overdoes it. Here's an example from Chapter 7, on greedy algorithms,
discussing the scheduling problem with hard deadlines, discrete time
and tasks of equal length:
"The last question then becomes, does S' have the same profit as S?
And indeed it does, because the T' cannot have a greater profit than T!
We can prove this by contradiction, based on our greed: if T' has a
greater profit, we would have considered it before T, necessarily
scheduling it somewhere else. (It would have been scheduled, because
there was at least one free slot before its deadline.) But we assumed
that we could extend P to S, and if it has a task in a different
position, we have a contradiction."
Perhaps it's just me (I have a math background) but if I were writing
code to run a nuclear power station I would not be comfortable with
proofs in this style.
I also think this might be a consequence of a more general attribute of
the book, namely its tendency to banter. Phrases like "Cool, no?" or
"This might hurt your brain" are numerous to the point of distracting -
again, for this reader, perhaps not so much for someone younger or with
a different background.
There are many exercises, with hints for solutions in an appendix. Each
chapter ends with an "If You're Curious" section which points you to the
relevant reference items in the bibliography and to some topics related
to, but deeper than, those discussed in the chapter. Some parts of the
text are set in a slightly larger and bolder font, with white titles on
black background. The purpose of this typographic device is not clear.
Maybe they are intended as general asides, but in some cases there are
back references to them later in the main text. In a technical book
this kind of thing is usually explained in the introduction, but not
here. Finally, as a fan I greatly appreciated the xkcd comic strips
included when relevant.
All in all, the book does a large part of what I expected of it. I
would recommend it most of all to someone already familiar with most of
the algorithms but not very familiar with Python, as a very good example
of Python's power. It can also work as a general introduction to the
algorithms, just be prepared to reach for the references in some cases
to clarify and expand your view.
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful
Instructive and Entertaining
5 Jan 2011
Format:Paperback
I found Python Algorithms not only extremely helpful but an enjoyable read as well, not an easy task for an algorithm book. The text is conversational and well-organized, with numerous side notes that allow the reader to make insightful connections. The author's use of humor is not overwhelming, nor is it so sparse as to confuse novice readers to his intent. His use of sidebars can bog down the topics at times, but this has the advantage of making this text appropriate for readers of all skill levels.
The author also takes great pains to explain Python code within the book, which not only models well-written code to the reader but also takes advantage of eliminating pseudo-code with concrete examples of the Python language. The use of citations and notes on external sources within the book made it possible for me to independently research topics on the web. For more hands-on learners, there are exercises at the end of each chapter. This text could easily be the basis for a college-level class on Python and algorithm theory/development. All in all, a great text and a must-have for the Python programmer!
The author also takes great pains to explain Python code within the book, which not only models well-written code to the reader but also takes advantage of eliminating pseudo-code with concrete examples of the Python language. The use of citations and notes on external sources within the book made it possible for me to independently research topics on the web. For more hands-on learners, there are exercises at the end of each chapter. This text could easily be the basis for a college-level class on Python and algorithm theory/development. All in all, a great text and a must-have for the Python programmer!
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