Psychology: The briefer course by William James, Henry Holt, 1892; Harper and Row, 1961; Dover, 2001, 368 ff.
An abridged version of the classic 19th century textbook
By Howard Jones
This is a simpler, less detailed version of William James' Principles of Psychology that was published in two volumes. William James was one of the founders of the subject and was both psychologist and philosopher. In this book he covers many of the classic topics that are of interest to both psychologists and lay people with his perceptive views presented in an accessible style that makes his writing easy to read for the non-specialist.
Thus he writes about habit, the stream of consciousness, the self, (mental) conception, association, memory, emotion, will, and other issues in an original and enlightening way. His views on habit underlie Rupert Sheldrake's principle of the morphic field in the way that events in the material world become easier when they are repeated. His thoughts on will or voluntary attention provided the inspiration for Jeffrey Schwartz and Henry Stapp's view of the mechanism of mind - that it was the act of volition that constituted free will, to focus on just one of the ripples in the stream of consciousness.
James uses the life of a bird as a metaphor for the human stream of consciousness, comprising flights and perchings. Only the `perchings' or substantive states of mind as James calls them contribute to knowledge and memory. He points out that our recognition of our `self' depends upon the success of our social relationships with others, particularly the esteem with which we are held in the minds of loved ones. There are some interesting reflections on the mental continuity of the self, despite physical changes to the body.
This book is at the same readable academic level as James' books on The Variety of Religious Experience and Pragmatism, but is likely to appeal to a wider readership - to anyone in fact who is interested in human nature. There are so many pearls of wisdom here for a book written more than a century ago, and intimations of things that subsequent neurologists with a battery of sophisticated equipment have shown to be correct.
Dr Howard A. Jones is the author of The Thoughtful Guide to God (2006) and The Tao of Holism (2008), both published by O Books of Winchester, UK.
How We ReasonPsychology (Pearson education)Pragmatism and Other Writings (Penguin Classics)