In reviewing this work as a required text for my class, several of my classmates commented (and I agreed) that many of the studies cited in this book are dated; numerous cites were from the 1970's and even from pre-1950's. The other theme noticed about this book was that a large majority of the perceptions made by the authors applied to law enforcement organizations from the East coast and although West Coast organizations were mentioned, many of these points seemed dated (again, referring to the first comment).