Runciman (Univ. of Cambridge) argues hypocrisy is "inevitable" (p. 1) in liberal democratic theory and practice. Locating the origins of "the idea of hypocrisy" in the theatre and in deceptiveness, the author posits that the political "hypocrite is always putting on an act" (p. 8). Devoting chapters to Hobbes, Mandeville, a troika of figures from the American Founding, Bentham, Victorians, and Orwell, the use of hypocrisy in politics is dissected. The chapters on Hobbes and Mandeville (1 and 2) are brilliant, yet beguiling. The chapter on the American Founding, generally, and Franklin, Jefferson, and Adams, specifically (3), suffers from serious interpretative flaws. By reducing the American Founding to a duplicitous phenomenon because of the existence of slavery undermines the internal logic of the author's central thesis, and results in an unfair, nay hypocritical, treatment of American politics and experience. While written in a lucid and engaging style, the book fails to recover the importance of political hypocrisy in a comprehensive manner. If politics is grounded in the moral and rational nature of humankind, it cannot simply be consigned to the author's selecting of the "right hypocrite" (p. 213).
H. Lee Cheek, Jr., Ph.D.
Chair, Social Sciences
Brewton-Parker College
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