When this play was produced for the first time in 1907 at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, the Irish Independent noted that "a mob of howling devils" rioted at the end of Act I because Synge had used the word "shift," meaning "petticoat." The rioting continued on successive nights for a week, because the focus of the action is Christy Mahon, a fugitive, who ironically gains the adulation of the village because he claims to have killed his father. Every newspaper in Dublin abhorred the play and the Dublin Evening Mail was appalled at its "libeling" of "the saintly Irish peasant." (Quotations from newspapers of the day are widely available and provide a fascinating commentary on the period.) Today, a hundred years later, the play is not dated, feeling completely fresh and completely modern. Our modern fascination with misdeeds and miscreants appears to be so universal that this wryly satiric play is considered Synge's comic masterpiece.
The plot is well known by now. Christy Mahon arrives at a small country inn in a panic, believing that the peelers are tracking him for the murder of his father. The locals at the inn's bar, instead of being horrified by his actions, admire his courage in taking on his father, and give the meek and timid Christy a feeling of accomplishment that he has never had at home. Pegeen Mike, daughter of the owner, hires him to work at the inn, where he becomes the focus of the town's women, both young and old, as he tells, again and again, the story of his (increasingly brave) fight with his slave-driving father. Christy, however, has eyes only for Pegeen.
The contrast between Christy and Shawn Keogh, the devout man to whom Pegeen is pledged, is hilarious, with Christy, depicted as attractive and intriguing, while the traditional and saintly Shawn is shown to be boring and stuffy. Admiring Christy's "poetic" and passionate nature, Pegeen is soon in love with him. The appearance if Christy's father in the village leads to the play's turning point, as the populace, embarrassed by their fawning adulation, turns against Christy.
Lively, satiric, and supremely ironic, the play is broadly farcical, and no modern audience would see it as disrespectful of any particular populace--these characters are typical of humankind with its voyeuristic fascination with criminals and criminality, and the plot line and the general themes are universal. Synge's razor sharp dialogue and his use of local dialect certainly gives a sense of "Irishness" to the play, which creates local color and charm by putting the author's ideas into a specific context. The conflicts between the generations, between father and son, between the morality of the church and the immorality of real life, between passion and reason, and ultimately between love and hate make this play a rich dramatic experience, one which some might consider equal to the classic comedies of Aristophanes. n Mary Whipple
Riders to the SeaThe Shadow of the GlenThe Playboy of the Western World and Other Plays: Riders to the Sea; The Shadow of the Glen; The Tinker's Wedding; The Well of the Saints; The Playboy ... of the Sorrows" (Oxford World's Classics)