How does a word have meaning in our minds? How does it have the same meaning in the minds of others? They're old and abstract questions, and Ludwig Wittgenstein is famous for his two books on them. Philosophical Investigations is the second of the books; it advocates meaning as a product of a language-game played between people; it reacts against meaning as a formally logical or mathematical attribute of a word. Language and language-games pervade our lives and our thinking - the book's scope is wide, and its classic status seems quite deserved. As a layman, the great surprise for me instead was its readability. Wittgenstein found himself, late in life, unable to write Philosophical Investigations as an essay, instead opting for a series of numbered points of a few paragraphs each. The quality of writing - at least Elizabeth Anscombe's English translation - is such that ideas get transmitted with wonderful succinctness, even while the arguments are subtly encircling a topic that resists direct assault. Combined with many visual metaphors, the effect is of a tremendously intellectual comic book, offering rewards for different readers diving to different philosophical depths.
This edition in particular, with facing pages of English and German translations of the same section, is steeped in scholarly and craftsmanlike care. It all enhanced the wonderfully bookish air of a tract on language and thought itself; and when I paused or concluded reading it brought not a frustrated confusion but instead a steady, baffled wonderment.