There is something about Operation Pedestal which will continue to occupy the minds of those with an interest in the subject for many more years to come. Had the tanker "Ohio" not arrived in Malta with her cargo intact in August 1942 - and she barely did!, Malta would have capitulated within a few days. Viewed in a modern context, the fall of such a small country might appear insignificant. In the pre-jet aircraft and pre-missile days of WW2, however, Malta was the key to success in North Africa by either side.
This was a time when Axis aircraft controlled the entire northern shores of the Mediterranean. Unlike Gibraltar and Alexandria, Malta - with her central position in the Mediterranean, was completely dependent on re-supply by sea. In addition, whilst much has been written about the London Blitz where, for a period of 51 days, German aircraft bombed the British capital city, much less has been written about the Malta Blitz where Valetta suffered the same treatment for 150 days.
By August 1942, the plans for the surrender of Malta had been drawn up. The tiny island state would now survive for less than 30 days unless this convoy - codenamed Operation Pedestal, got through. Fourteen merchant ships were to be protected by the most powerful naval force (which included 4 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships and 3 cruisers) ever assigned to guard a fleet of ships. Against them was mounted a land-based air assault by combined German and Italian forces on an unprecedented scale, units of the Italian Navy and a series of coordinated submarine attacks.
British naval losses (which included one of those carriers) and damage were alarming, but 4 of those merchant ships eventually arrived in Malta. This included the all-important Ohio which was only kept afloat by having destroyers tied to her sides as she entered one of the most famous harbours in the world. Operation Pedestal had been a success and the Battle for Malta had been won.
In this book, first published in 1970, Peter Smith provides the reader with a first rate work. On the one hand, his research is impeccable and, of course, complete. On the other, he also produces an excellent read.
With a fascinating selection of historic photographs - mostly taken during the various naval actions, some maps and a vital selection of Appendices containing relevant data, this is, as I say, a complete work.
NM