Payback: Reaping the Rewards of Innovation [Hardcover]

"As you sow, so shall you reap."

The last time I checked, I was amazed to learn that Amazon offers 178,376 books on the general subject of innovation. One of the basic truths about selling residential real estate is that "for every house, there is a buyer." The challenge is to bring the two together. The same is true of business books and those who read them. The authors of Payback, James P. Andrew and Harold L. Sirkin, do not provide an annotated bibliography but do refer to dozens of excellent sources that helped to guide and inform their explanation of how to "reap" the rewards of innovation. Presumably they would be the first to suggest that their readers also consult a number of the sources before deciding - and in this context, I presume to invoke an agricultural metaphor -- what to "plant" where in order to produce the desired "harvest." The purpose of this brief commentary is to help those who read it to decide whether or not Andrew and Sirkin's book is worthy of their careful consideration. My guess (only is a guess) is that it will be of substantial value to most (if not to all) C-level executives.

The material is carefully organized and lucidly presented within three Parts: What Is Payback? ("Cash and Cash Traps" and "The Indirect Benefits of Innovation"), Choosing the Optimal Model ("The Integrator, "The Orchestrator," or "The Licensor"), and Aligning and Leading for Payback. In the Afterword, Andrew and Sirkin then offer a cohesive, comprehensive, and cost-effect plan for "taking action" which will maximize the ROI of whatever resources have been committed innovation initiatives.

Of special interest to me is what they have to say about alignment in Chapter Seven. According to a survey conducted with BusinessWeek, the highest ranked innovative companies (in descending order) are Apple, Google, 3M, Toyota, Microsoft, GE, P&G, Nokia, Starbucks, and IBM. However different they are, "all of them are aligned around innovation and achieve payback" because they have avoided the most basic causes of innovation misalignment. Specifically, these causes are:

1. Having an innovation strategy at odds with business strategy

2. Innovation that is "all talk and no support"

3. Innovation initiatives are isolated

4. The process is fragmented and disjointed

5. "Dynasties" monopolize innovation resources

6. Metrics confound the goals of innovation

Andrew and Sirkin explain how to avoid these and other causes of misalignment, stressing the importance of achieving and then sustaining individual, unit, and companywide responsibility as well as creating and nourishing conducive conditions which include openness, and, meanwhile, "measuring what matters" with accuracy and consistency.

Efforts to "reap the rewards of innovation" require effective leadership at all levels and in all areas of operation, of course, but especially at the C-level. Leaders of innovation must have a tolerance for ambiguity; also be able to assess and be comfortable with prudent risk, be able to quickly and effectively assess an individual, be able to balance passion with objectivity, and finally and most important, be able to change.

Whatever their size and nature, all organizations need to "get their arms around [their] innovation portfolio," Andrew and Sirkin insist, and "the projects under review will fall into three categories. About a third of them will be winners that should be promoted and accelerated. Another third will be a waste of resources and should be stopped even if they are being supported by `other budgets.' These are the `walking dead,' and it takes great courage to kill them, but it must be done. The final third will be less easy to evaluate and will need further exploration and discussion to determine whether they should be kept or killed. Moving on the third that should be stopped, and reallocating resources to accelerate the third that are winners, will immediately increase payback."

Long ago, Thomas Edison asserted that "vision without execution is hallucination." While no doubt agreeing with Edison, Andrew and Sirkin take that thought a step further by insisting that execution of innovation initiatives must deliver the required return on a company's investment of money, time, and people. "Payback means one thing - cash. Cash that is realized within the planned time frame."

For decision-makers in organizations that have not as yet achieved and then sustained such payback, Andrew and Sirkin's book is a "must read"...and I mean now.

A lot of books on innovation make it sound like an end in itself, as if innovation carries the answer to every business problem. James P. Andrew and Harold L. Sirkin sound a refreshing note or, rather, several of them. They argue that companies must evaluate business innovation according to the direct or indirect financial returns it produces, its "payback" - and that most products fail to earn back their investment. They then discuss the issues you need to consider if you are investing in innovation: the models, factors, processes and more. While some of their discussions are a bit too sweeping or general, the authors' specific stories of innovation attempts that failed or succeeded illustrate how systematic evaluation could have helped companies estimate a product's chances of success. As a result, this book is a realistic antidote to innovation intoxication. We recommend it to anyone who is trying to plan seriously and realistically for innovation in a business context.