The novel is highly regarded by critics as a portrait of socio-religious-political ethnicity in the latter days of the raj, written by an author with a profound interest in Indian culture and a liberal's view of the ruling British attitude. Forster spent several years in India gleaning an insight into the beliefs and mores of Hinduism and Islam, and the clashing cultures of East and West which form the backbone of the novel. In addition he packs the novel with additional issues. And `there's the rub'; he has so much to say that it's done at the expense of a plot subordinated to philosophical badinage and tit for tat conversations which occasionally border on the trite.
The novel begins brightly enough, with a lyrical account of Mrs Moore's meeting with Dr Aziz in the moonlight mosque. The two central female characters, Mrs Moore and her protégée, plain naive and neurotic Adela Quested have just arrived in India to fulfil Moore's hopes that Adela will marry her magistrate son Ronny. Adela, a virtuoso of the faux-pas, innocently tramples on the natives' sensibilities, culminating in the famous court case where she makes a wrongful accusation against Dr Aziz only to retract it, causing a scandal which rocks all levels of society both Indian and British. These events account for the first and second part of the novel, which are not without some lighter moments, and despite the minimal plot are entertaining and in the main very readable. The author's tendency to overwork pronouns and omit proper nouns is a little trying when the reader has to backtrack to find out who's speaking. And there is the missed opportunity to inject more atmosphere into the visit to the caves which have such an effect on the two English ladies.
However, towards the end of Part two with the departure of Mrs Moore, Adela and Cyril Fielding the main British protagonists, the novel loses momentum and we are left with the Indians bickering among themselves. Fielding's return, having married Moore's daughter does little to restore the interest, and the reader is left wishing more had been made of a disappointing finale.
The appendices which run to thirty three pages contain a lot of esoteric dissertation that may be of interest to specialists and four short rather matter of fact essays by Forster.