This short book is very easy to read. In less than 200 pages the author gives readers an overview of Muslim and Western thinking about state governance. Many Muslims yearn to re-establish the governance model used at the time of the first four caliphs in Medina. The author reminds us of the historical problems experienced at that time, and how the caliphate system could not continue to ensure good government as the territory under Muslim control expanded. Most fundamentally, he reminds us that the Medina governance model predicated a perfect (the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him) or highly moral (the first four caliphs) leader, and is incapable of operating properly with imperfect people as it has insufficient checks and balances. He compares this with the US constitution, which from the beginning recognised that men are imperfect, and built in the separation of powers and means for removing bad leaders.