'Mean Streets' to Martin Scorsese is a lot like 'The Lodger' to Alfred Hitchcock, as it defines the themes that will run constant throughout the directors later works. At the begining of the movie, we hear a voiceover (director Martin Scorsese's) say: "You don't make up for your sins in church, you do it in the streets, in your home...." After the short narration the darkness clears, adn Charlie (Harvey Keitel) jolts to a sitting position whilst in bed, awoken by some haunting, guilt-ridden dream. He gets out of bed, walks across his room (passing the crucifix on the wall) and looks at himself in the mirror. When returning to bed, as his head hits the pillow, the volume pumps up and pop music thunders. It is in this opening scene that Scorsese establishes his filming technique and themes: A man who is struggling with guilt and his Catholic upbringing, feeling guilty for the life he leads. He seeks pennance, and struggles with his conscience. The filmmaking: suggestive lighting, panning camera, the use of popular music.
The main characters are established in the opening, there's Tony, the bar-owner, Michael, the gangster, Johnny-Boy, the debt-ridden vandal, and Charlie, a guilt-ridden small time hood. The plot revolves around these four characters. Tony's bar (bathed in red, hellish, lustful light) is the local hangout. Johnny Boy owes money to Michael, whose patience is running out. Charlie is a man that feels guilty, struggling against his Catholic upbringing. In church, he admits that after confession, the Ten Hail Mary's and Ten Our Father's do nothing for him, they don't take away his guilt. He needs another form of pennance. We often see him holding his finger over a flame, or his hand over a fire. Charlie takes Jonnhy Boy under his wing, intending to help him out and set him straight. Johnny Boy is his pennance.
Harvey Keitel plays Charlie with great power, capturing his almost innocent ways in his baby-like face. His constant smiling and good humour show his good-natured character (even in a pool-hall brawl, Charlie refuses to fight by claiming he has a bad hand). De Niro is ferocious as the venemous Jonnyy Boy, a bum who can't and won't pay his debts, and passes the time by vandalising and shooting at things. After making 'Boxcar Bertha' for Roger Corman, Scorsese was told to go and make something more personal, something he knows about. Scorsese was brought up in New York, and 'Mean Streets' is apparently based loosely on events that he witnessed. It is also a very personal movie to Scorsese, symbolised in the opening credits, which are screened on a movie camera, and shot like a home-movie. Released in 1973, 'Mean Streets' can be called Scorsese's 'real' first movie, a realistic look at gangster life in New York, ridden with violent characters, great plot, amazing script and direction. It's a great gangster movie, and established a technique that is often imitated. 'Mean Streets' is echoed in many movies, especially all the small-time-hood/street-life.
This is not Martin Scorsese's greatest movie, but it's an important one. Scorsese has gone on to make many classic movies, some of the greatest of all time ('Taxi Driver', and his masterpiece, 'Raging Bull')... but even those movies, and others such as 'Goodfellas' and 'Casino', all owe something to 'Mean Streets', and that's just one fo the reasons to love it.