This is the book on mathematics I have been hoping to find for many years.
For a non-mathematician who wants to get a good functioning overview and practical understanding of the whole subject this book is perfect. The book takes a historical and philosophical approach taking us from the Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, Hindus and Arabs up to the modern era and Einstein. However, despite all of the fascinating background historical information, this is not a history of mathematics, it is a real mathematics book and is full of clear examples of problems and additional exercises (with answers).
The book progresses from logic, to arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, statistics, probability, and non-Euclidian geometries.
The book is also rich on its discussions of mathematical applications and goes into some depth regarding astronomy, painting and perspective, physical laws of motion and gravity, and music.
Morris Kline was Emeritus Professor of Math and New York University. The book was first published in 1967 and is a real classic.