When commissioning a work to commemorate a corporate anniversary, there is always the danger it will turn out to be slammed by the critics as an uncritical panegyric. By recruiting distinguished journalists to write this book that celebrates the Company's centenary, IBM has avoided the worst of this risk.
First of all, for anyone who has the slightest interest in the way that information technology has transformed society, this book is a Good Read. It tells the stories of how many of the developments we take for granted came about. Many of us old enough to remember the introduction of these, may have forgotten their origins as IBM inventions. Examples are the Universal Product Code or UPC barcode seen on virtually every item sold in shops; the PC; the relational database; automated teller machines (ATMs); airline computer booking system; floppy disks and others.
Other areas are still evolving such as mass storage where solid-state devices are getting smaller, denser and cheaper; supercomputers more powerful, faster and more capable; software more complex, more intuitive to use, and more analytical; networking more comprehensive, faster and intelligent.
The book describes these but also gives the anecdotes behind the stories of the first computer center (at Columbia University), Deep Blue, the chess playing computer, Watson, the intelligence system that won the Jeopardy contest, how the company gambled its future on developing the world-changing System/360 computer as well as scores of solutions to systems problems around the world.
The failures of IBM are also covered: how it missed out on timesharing, over-promoted one of the founder's sons, how corporate bureaucracy periodically constipated the company including near death in 1990-1.
Like many other distinguished and successful corporations, IBM has developed an identity and promotes a culture. Its employees are known as IBMers. Thomas Watson, the founder was never a hire-and-fire man like Henry Ford for example. IBM was also surprisingly early to take women into its fold with equal pay in 1935 and the first female vice-president appointed in 1943.
Although it seems strange today, the company had a strong dress code: white shirt, necktie, blue suit and shined shoes. Yet that conformity contrasted with a readiness to examine and develop revolutionary technology. The creation of the IBM Research Laboratories, now nine strong and presently employing 3,000 scientists, has kept the company in the forefront of technology as well as earning five Nobel prizes and becoming the world's largest patent creator.
The book dwells at some length on the contribution made by certain of its CEO's: Thomas Watson, Thomas Watson Jnr, Lou Gerstner and Sam Palmisano. It discusses the trials and ambiguities involved in seeking to translate enlightened American management practices to countries better known for oppression.
In the retelling of these stories, the authors do not stick with IBM. They bring in the importance of Bell Labs, Intel, Texas Instruments, Honeywell, Apple, Cray, Sun Microsystems, Microsoft and many others. But IBM, of course, is always there and is the main focus of the story. And that is at it should be. There is really no other information technology company in existence today that can boast a century of achievement. Many are much younger and others have been absorbed, merged and dismembered. Companies like General Electric and Siemens may have a longer history in technology but not in the development of intelligent systems the way that IBM has.
The book is a fund of information about how the global IT industry has developed with IBM as its constant champion. I enjoyed it.