"Martha Nussbaum's philosophy assumed an ambivalent attitude towards the volatile subject of emotion...Given this..., Nussbaum's systematic defense of the ethical and cognitive dimensions of emotion, makes a significant contribution to contemporary philosophy and to feminist theory." Claudia Moscovici
Moral philosophy has flourished in recent years, and Nussbaum has been one of its most vivid practitioners. Ways of thinking and writing that developed in the analytic tradition are appropriate to some inquiries, such as epistemology and philosophy of science, but they cannot accomplish what is necessary for moral philosophy.
Most Ancient Wisdom:
The oldest work of social moral Philosophy known to us is the "Instruction of Ptah-Hotep," which apparently goes back to 2880 BC, 2300 years before Confucius, Socrates and Buddha. Ptah-Hotep, Governor of Memphis, instructs his son, and successor: "Be not proud because thou art learned; but discourse with the ignorant as with the sage. For no limit could be set to skill, neither is there any craftsman that possesseth full advantages. ...Overstep not the truth, neither repeat that which any man, be he prince or peasant, saith in opening the heart; it is abhorrent to the soul..." (cited in J. H. Breasted: The Dawn of Conscience)
Poverty of a moral philosophy:
Nussbaum conceives moral philosophy neither as the formulation and systematization of rules; nor as the identification of "virtues" constitutive of a good character. Like several other philosophers, she argues that the attentive reading of literary works, specifically novels, is an indispensable aid for moral reflection. Martha Nussbaum's lack of a discernible interest in religion has not hindered the Divinity School, University of Chicago from assigning her a course in Theological Ethics. For her, novels provide rich emotions and meticulous situations relative to the real complexities of experience. By contrast, the examples created by philosophers are thin and lack support. Nussbaum's emphasis has typically been on the poverty of a moral philosophy that fails to use the great resources provided by literature. She argues, there are some aspects of knowledge that are revealed to us only when we experience some emotions, especially love. We may love people because of what we know about them, but we come to know them more fully because we love them. Alan Jacobs thinks Nussbaum finds most compelling accounts of the richness of our emotional lives portrayed in great novels. Novels are particularly rich in their explorations of these issues, though such understanding need not be gained only from novels.
Analytical Evaluation:
"Nussbaum's project orbits elliptically around two points: the defense of reflection on the literary particular against Kantians, utilitarians, Platonists, analytic philosophers, and any other one-sided champions of the general and universal; and actual commentaries on scenes from novels she loves and finds particularly significant. ... Yet the measure of this book's power is that it stimulates us to raise serious questions like these, not as rhetorical, but as genuinely inviting Nussbaum's response."
D. Marshall, U. of Illinois, Chicago