One of the ways that we develop misconceptions is to believe what we see, without further inquiry. This book provides a classic example of the folly of that approach. Therese Humbert acted and spoke as though she was the wealthiest and most influential woman in Europe, and people treated her that way even though she was totally penniless. She either spent borrowed money (with annual interest rates as high as 60 percent) or the bills were never paid. Yet she was able to keep it all going for years, mortgaging properties that didn't exist and making promises that she wouldn't and couldn't keep.
Although I majored in French history of the 19th century in college, I only ran into passing references to the affaire Humbert as a student. Having read this book, I can see why it has been deeply buried away from mainstream French texts. This story is as embarrassing as the Dreyfus Affair of a few years earlier, because it was only possible due to support from members of the government (one of whom was Therese's uncle) and the bar. This details of this story are so amazing that the author felt compelled to keep providing evidence that she hadn't made it all up.
The story is all the more remarkable because it is connected to one of the greatest painters of modern times, Matisse (through his wife, who was the daughter of Therese's best friend and later housekeeper), and an esteemed finance minister of the early days of the Third Republic (the same uncle mentioned above).
Based on imaginary inheritances, the Humbert family conspired to borrow tens of millions of francs, buy estates all over France, purchase and operate a newspaper, and entertain the leading lights of French society in their salon and at their dinner table. Claiming to be worth hundreds of millions of francs, they constantly lived one step ahead of hostile creditors (who occasionally took a shot at them) while living the life of billionaires. It was all a hoax.
This was kept up for many years, as is beautifully illustrated by the many photographs, cartoons, and portraits of the people involved in the hoax.
When their bluff was finally called, their lawyers were all disbarred. Some creditors committed suicide. Therese and her husband were eventually sentenced and served five years of solitary confinement, and were never heard from again after having been released. Further investigations and reporting on the story were discouraged by the government, and the story fell into the shadows until this book resurrected the tale.
The next time you assume that things are as they seem, remember Therese Humbert. You'll probably be better off for the extra caution!