The Korean War is to some extent an overlooked war considering its importance and scale. This might be because it was the last big war before widespread television or because the result was inconclusive or because coming so soon after the Second World War it was simply eclipsed. Max Hastings sets out to redress the balance in this work about the confrontation between the USA and its Western Allies versus China and North Korea.
The book can essentially be divided into three parts. First of all is an account of the events that ultimately led up to war starting with the Japanese invasion back in the late 19th century. The second part is a chronological narrative of the military conflict itself, this takes up the bulk of the book obviously. Finally Hastings analysis specific aspects of the war, such as the impact of air power, intelligence and the treatment of prisoners by both sides. Most of the primary research is derived from interviews with survivors so the story is told through the eyes of soldiers, officers and civilians from many countries with illuminating anecdotes breaking up the straightforward recitation of events.
The war itself appears almost a morality tale about hubris. Although it ultimately ended in a stalemate both sides squandered opportunities to settle on far more favourable terms than they eventually got. After the sneak attack by North Korea almost succeeded in taking the whole peninsula the American led UN force rallied strongly and pushed the communists out of South Korea and deep into the North. Had MacArthur not tried to go for total victory then China would not have been sufficiently concerned to enter the war. This precipitated a panicky retreat by the American army (though the Marines were much more disciplined), all the way back down the peninsula. Here China failed to use it's advantage to secure a diplomatic victory and tried to rout the UN from Korea, but the UN again regrouped under a new General, Matthew Ridgway and drove the Chinese back over the 38th parallell. This time much to the dismay of the US officers, Washington decided against going for a total victory and sought a truce based on the status quo. Achieving the status quo cost the lives of over 30000 UN troops, hundreds of thousands of Korean civilians and hundreds of thousands if not millions of North Korean and Chinese soldiers.
In 2008 the Iraq war commands public attention despite being a relatively small war, yet at the time the Korean War attracted surprisingly little attention in the West apart from frustration and confusion about why they were fighting to support an impoverished hell hole governed by the corrupt and brutal Syngman Rhee. From a contemporary prospective it is not hard to see why the War was seen as a squalid and pointless stalemate that should never have been fought. With the benefit of almost 60 years of hindsight though, where we can see the difference between the free and prosperous South and the horrific North the cause is much clearer. It signaled that the West was willing to fight overt aggression by the Communists and it helped sow discord between the two Communist powers of China and the USSR.