This book should be recommended reading for analysts, police executives, operational staff and students of policing.
Ratcliffe's experiences and knowledge provide rich insights into ILP, painting a clear picture in the process. Specifically, Ratcliffe answers several questions about ILP. In doing so, he:
* defines ILP;
* traces its origins;
* explores its relationship with other policing paradigms;
* highlights its distinctive features;
* shows how ILP impacts on crime and
* discusses whether it prevents crime.
The book is well structured and is complemented by chapter introductions defining Ratcliffe's arguments. Each chapter also contains a practitioner viewpoint, which augments the chapter contents and demonstrates theory in practice. Ratcliffe's writing is readable, clear and often provokes a smile. He includes a limited list of acronyms and, as expected, a comprehensive bibliography covering extant literature on ILP (none as comprehensive as Ratcliffe's), other policing paradigms and several interesting research studies.
Conceding the elusive nature of ILP, Ratcliffe defines it as a business model and managerial philosophy in which data analysis and crime intelligence (a combination of crime analysis and criminal intelligence) are the cornerstones of an objective, decision-making framework. At the framework's core are crime/intelligence analysts, responsible for producing analysis and intelligence, that is, actionable knowledge that is client-specific. This is used to impact on crime and problems (reduction, disruption and prevention.)
Ratcliffe employs two key conceptual aids to support his arguments: the crime funnel and the 3-i model. The crime funnel is used to illustrate the size of the crime challenge and to demonstrate the limitations of the `arrest and prosecute' approach to suppress criminal acts. Ratcliffe uses the crime funnel to show that for every 1000 crimes only 4 offenders are incarcerated.
The 3-i model - interpret-influence-impact - is a cyclic concept that conceptualises the processes inherent in ILP. The agency's crime intelligence analysis section interprets the criminal environment; the agency analysts attempt to influence agency decision makers through recommendations; and the decision-makers then make decisions and take actions to impact on the criminal environment. This model departs from other analytical process models in that it is contextualised in the crime and policing environments.
Early in the book, a New Jersey Fusion Centre worker lament is quoted: "Building the plane as we're flying it." The same charge can no longer be levied against ILP for Jerry Ratcliffe has produced its first blue print.