The key to understanding South Asian history lies in understanding the Mughal Empire. The Mughal's were the descendants of Genghis Khan and towards the end of the 16th century they stormed into Northern India and took it over, and then they took over the rest of India more or less. But here's the thing about the Mughals- they have fought in the style of Genghis Khan, but culturally they were Persianized, in that they looked at Persian culture: it's art, poetry and general style as a lodestone. Centuries before the British showed up, South Asia had a lingua franca, and that language was Persian.
The Persians were in South Asia before the Mughal's took the place over. In fact, this book talks about a Persian traveller who was in Thailand in the 15th century and observed that Persian merchants were already there and in power. The supirse that emerges from Indo Persian travels is that both the Persians and the Ottomans had an attitude towards India and South Asia resembles that of the Europeans towards the same people's three centuries later. To whit: This book is replete with well educated Persian writers denigrating Indians for being "insufferably black."
During much of the 16th and 17th centuries, educated Persians travelled to India in search of economic opportunity. Their trips had the same goals as those of Europeans who would travel to the New World starting in the 15th century. The travel narratives of the Indo-Persian world tilt entirely west-to-east- very few examples of Indians traveling to the West and no examples of Persian speakers traveling to Europe.
Most of the narratives described in this book are educated Persians traveling to the court of the Mughal Empire and just bitching up a storm. Not a single one of them has any appreciation for Hindus or their culture other then as a source of "amazements." Clearly, this book is evidence that Western Europeans have never had a monopoly on condescending attitudes towards people in "less developed" parts of the world. One wonders if we all might not get along better if conservative Americans and Europeans understood that Iranian and Europeans basically had the same racist sentiments towards the "others" that they encountered in their world-wide travels.